Portilho Fábio V R, Nóbrega Juliano, de Almeida Beatriz O, Mota André R, de Paula Carolina L, Listoni Fernando J P, Bosco Sandra M G, Oliveira Alana L, Cunha Maria de Lourdes R S, Ribeiro Márcio G
Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Jul 31;13(15):2467. doi: 10.3390/ani13152467.
The high complexity of the oral microbiota of healthy dogs and the close exposure of humans to companion animals represent a risk of the transmission of potential zoonotic microorganisms to humans, especially through dog bites, including multidrug-resistant ones. Nonetheless, a limited number of comprehensive studies have focused on the diversity of the microorganisms that inhabit the oral cavities of healthy dogs, particularly based on modern molecular techniques. We investigated bacterial and fungal organisms in the oral cavities of 100 healthy dogs based on a combination of conventional and selective microbiological culture, mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and next-generation sequencing. In addition, in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolates and A resistance gene were assessed. A total of 213 bacteria and 20 fungi were isolated. (40/100 = 40%), α-hemolytic (37/100 = 37%), and (22/100 = 22%) were the most prevalent bacteria diagnosed by microbiological culture and MALDI-TOF MS, whereas (10/100 = 10%) was the most common fungi identified. Based on next-generation sequencing of selected 20 sampled dogs, (32.5%), (16.3%), (12.8%), (9.5%), (5%), (3.8%), and (3.4%) genera were prevalent. A high multidrug resistance rate was observed in isolates, particularly to azithromycin (19/19 = 100%), penicillin (15/19 = 78.9%), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (15/19 = 78.9%). In addition, the A resistance gene was detected in 6.1% (3/49) of coagulase-positive staphylococci. Here, we highlight the microbial complexity of the oral mucosa of healthy dogs, including potential zoonotic microorganisms and multidrug-resistant bacteria, contributing with the investigation of the microbiota and antimicrobial resistance patterns of the microorganisms that inhabit the oral cavity of healthy dogs.
健康犬口腔微生物群的高度复杂性以及人类与伴侣动物的密切接触，意味着潜在的人畜共患病微生物有传播给人类的风险，尤其是通过犬咬伤传播，包括耐多药微生物。尽管如此，基于现代分子技术，仅有少数全面的研究聚焦于健康犬口腔中栖息的微生物的多样性。我们结合传统和选择性微生物培养、质谱分析（基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱，MALDI-TOF MS）以及下一代测序技术，对100只健康犬的口腔中的细菌和真菌进行了调查。此外，还评估了分离株的体外抗菌药敏模式和A耐药基因。共分离出213种细菌和20种真菌。通过微生物培养和MALDI-TOF MS诊断出的最常见细菌是（40/100 = 40%）、α溶血性菌（37/100 = 37%）和（22/100 = 22%），而鉴定出的最常见真菌是（10/100 = 10%）。基于对20只抽样犬的下一代测序，（32.5%）、（16.3%）、（12.8%）、（9.5%）、（5%）、（3.8%）和（3.4%）属较为普遍。在分离株中观察到较高的耐多药率，尤其是对阿奇霉素（19/19 = 100%）、青霉素（15/19 = 78.9%）和磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶（15/19 = 78.9%）。此外，在6.1%（3/49）的凝固酶阳性葡萄球菌中检测到A耐药基因。在此，我们强调了健康犬口腔黏膜的微生物复杂性，包括潜在的人畜共患病微生物和耐多药细菌，这有助于对健康犬口腔中栖息的微生物群及其抗菌耐药模式进行研究。
