Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
VetMaster Veterinary Clinic, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2022 Jun 3;17(6):e0269422. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269422. eCollection 2022.
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a major commensal bacterium of the skin and mucosae of dogs and an opportunistic agent responsible for several clinical infections, such as pyoderma, otitis, and surgical wound infections. The emergence of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) has become a problem of great concern in veterinary and human medicine because it is multidrug resistant (MDR) and can also infect humans. This study aimed to identify the occurrence of Staphylococcus spp. in infected patients and investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles and molecular structure of MRSP isolates. Samples were obtained from two different veterinary clinics; suggestive colonies were submitted to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry and confirmed at the species level by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequencing of the 16S rRNA and rpoB genes were used in selected samples that were not identified by MALDI-ToF and by the species-specific PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility and PCR detection of mecA were performed. MRSP isolates were subjected to multilocus sequence typing. Of all the clinical staphylococci (n = 131), 98 (74.8%) were identified as S. pseudintermedius. Multidrug resistance (resistance to ≥3 classes of antimicrobials) was observed in 63.2% of S. pseudintermedius isolates, and 24.5% of S. pseudintermedius isolates were methicillin-resistant. Half of the MRSP isolates were isolated from surgical site infections. Among the ten sequence types (ST) identified, nine were novel. ST71 was the most prevalent and associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones. Prior antimicrobial therapy, hospitalization, and surgical site infections seemed to be risk factors for MRSP acquisition. The present study showed a high rate of MDR staphylococci in infected dogs. MRSP was isolated from different clinical conditions, mainly surgical site infections. Additionally, this is the first study to extensively investigate the population structure of MRSP in Brazil, which revealed the dispersion of CC71 and nine novel ST. These findings raise concerns for both animal and human health due to the zoonotic potential of this species and limited therapeutic options available for MRSP infections.
中间葡萄球菌是犬皮肤和黏膜的主要共生菌，也是一种机会致病菌，可导致多种临床感染，如脓皮病、中耳炎和外科伤口感染。耐甲氧西林中间葡萄球菌（MRSP）的出现已成为兽医和人类医学中一个令人关注的问题，因为它具有多重耐药性（MDR），并且还可以感染人类。本研究旨在确定感染患者中葡萄球菌属的发生情况，并研究 MRSP 分离株的抗菌药物耐药谱和分子结构。样本取自两家不同的兽医诊所；有提示性的菌落被提交至基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间（MALDI-ToF）质谱仪，并通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）在种属水平上得到确认。对 MALDI-ToF 无法鉴定和种特异性 PCR 无法鉴定的选定样本进行 16S rRNA 和 rpoB 基因测序。进行了抗菌药物敏感性试验和 mecA 的 PCR 检测。对 MRSP 分离株进行多位点序列分型。在所有临床分离的葡萄球菌（n = 131）中，98 株（74.8%）被鉴定为中间葡萄球菌。63.2%的中间葡萄球菌分离株表现为多药耐药（对≥3 类抗菌药物耐药），24.5%的中间葡萄球菌分离株对甲氧西林耐药。MRSP 分离株有一半来自外科部位感染。在所鉴定的十个序列型（ST）中，有九个是新的。ST71 最为流行，与对氟喹诺酮类药物的耐药性有关。先前的抗菌药物治疗、住院和外科部位感染似乎是获得 MRSP 的危险因素。本研究显示，感染犬中存在高比例的 MDR 葡萄球菌。MRSP 分离自不同的临床情况，主要是外科部位感染。此外，这是首次广泛研究巴西 MRSP 的种群结构，揭示了 CC71 的分散和九个新的 ST。由于该物种具有人畜共患潜力，并且治疗 MRSP 感染的选择有限，这些发现引起了动物和人类健康的关注。
