Bulusheva Lyubov G, Semushkina Galina I, Fedorenko Anastasiya D
Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Jul 26;13(15):2182. doi: 10.3390/nano13152182.
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) is the second two-dimensional material after graphene that received a lot of attention from the research community. Strong S-Mo-S bonds make the sandwich-like layer mechanically and chemically stable, while the abundance of precursors and several developed synthesis methods allow obtaining various MoS architectures, including those in combinations with a carbon component. Doping of MoS with heteroatom substituents can occur by replacing Mo and S with other cations and anions. This creates active sites on the basal plane, which is important for the adsorption of reactive species. Adsorption is a key step in the gas detection and electrochemical energy storage processes discussed in this review. The literature data were analyzed in the light of the influence of a substitutional heteroatom on the interaction of MoS with gas molecules and electrolyte ions. Theory predicts that the binding energy of molecules to a MoS surface increases in the presence of heteroatoms, and experiments showed that such surfaces are more sensitive to certain gases. The best electrochemical performance of MoS-based nanomaterials is usually achieved by including foreign metals. Heteroatoms improve the electrical conductivity of MoS, which is a semiconductor in a thermodynamically stable hexagonal form, increase the distance between layers, and cause lattice deformation and electronic density redistribution. An analysis of literature data showed that co-doping with various elements is most attractive for improving the performance of MoS in sensor and electrochemical applications. This is the first comprehensive review on the influence of foreign elements inserted into MoS lattice on the performance of a nanomaterial in chemiresistive gas sensors, lithium-, sodium-, and potassium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors. The collected data can serve as a guide to determine which elements and combinations of elements can be used to obtain a MoS-based nanomaterial with the properties required for a particular application.
二硫化钼（MoS₂）是继石墨烯之后受到研究界广泛关注的第二种二维材料。强大的S-Mo-S键使这种三明治状的层在机械和化学方面都很稳定，而丰富的前驱体和多种成熟的合成方法使得能够获得各种MoS₂结构，包括与碳成分结合的结构。用杂原子取代基对MoS₂进行掺杂可以通过用其他阳离子和阴离子取代Mo和S来实现。这在基面产生了活性位点，这对于活性物种的吸附很重要。吸附是本综述中讨论的气体检测和电化学储能过程中的关键步骤。根据取代杂原子对MoS₂与气体分子和电解质离子相互作用的影响，对文献数据进行了分析。理论预测，在存在杂原子的情况下，分子与MoS₂表面的结合能会增加，实验表明这种表面对某些气体更敏感。基于MoS₂的纳米材料通常通过引入外来金属来实现最佳的电化学性能。杂原子提高了MoS₂的电导率（MoS₂在热力学稳定的六方形式下是一种半导体），增加了层间距，并导致晶格变形和电子密度重新分布。对文献数据的分析表明，在传感器和电化学应用中，用各种元素进行共掺杂对于提高MoS₂的性能最具吸引力。这是第一篇关于插入MoS₂晶格中的外来元素对化学电阻式气体传感器、锂、钠和钾离子电池以及超级电容器中纳米材料性能影响的综合综述。收集到的数据可以作为指南，以确定哪些元素以及元素组合可用于获得具有特定应用所需性能的基于MoS₂的纳米材料。
