State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Molecules. 2023 Aug 4;28(15):5872. doi: 10.3390/molecules28155872.
Saikosaponins (SS) are the main active components of Radix. In this study, the yields of SS a, b, b, c, d, e, and f were simultaneously determined using the HPLC-DAD dual wavelength method, and the ultrasound-assisted extraction process of saikosaponins was optimized using the response surface methodology. The antioxidant effect of saikosaponins was investigated using the scavenging rate of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2-diazo-bis (3-ethyl-benzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and hydroxyl (-OH) groups, and the mechanism was clarified via network pharmacological analysis. The results showed that the optimal extraction process of SS was a 5% ammonia-methanol solution as an extraction solvent, a material-liquid ratio of 1:40, a temperature of 46.66 °C, an extraction time of 65.07 min, and an ultrasonic power of 345.56 W. The total content of the seven saikosaponins under this condition was up to 6.32%, which was close to the model's predicted value of 6.56%, where the yields of the seven saikosaponins a, b, b, c, d, e, and f were 1.18%, 0.11%, 0.26%, 1.02%, 3.02%, 0.38%, and 0.44%, respectively. The saikosaponins have an obvious scavenging ability for DPPH, ABTS, and -OH radicals. The interactions of seven saikosaponins with antioxidant targets were studied, and a database was used to collate the core of saikosaponins and antioxidants through network pharmacology. The mechanisms of the antioxidant effects of the saikosaponins were derived via GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. Finally, the binding energy of the saikosaponins to the antioxidant targets was found to be less than -5.0 kcal·mol via molecular docking, indicating that the antioxidant capacity of the saikosaponins are good. Therefore, this study developed a rapid and efficient method for the extraction of saikosaponins, which provides a theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the rational utilization of saikosaponins and the development of their medicinal value.
柴胡皂苷（SS）是柴胡的主要活性成分。本研究采用 HPLC-DAD 双波长法同时测定 SS a、b、b、c、d、e 和 f 的产率，并采用响应面法优化柴胡皂苷的超声辅助提取工艺。采用 1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）、2,2-二氮-双（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）和羟基（-OH）基团清除率研究了柴胡皂苷的抗氧化作用，并通过网络药理学分析阐明了其作用机制。结果表明，SS 的最佳提取工艺为 5%氨甲醇溶液为提取溶剂，料液比 1:40，温度 46.66°C，提取时间 65.07min，超声功率 345.56W。在此条件下，七种柴胡皂苷的总含量高达 6.32%，接近模型预测值 6.56%，其中七种柴胡皂苷 a、b、b、c、d、e 和 f 的产率分别为 1.18%、0.11%、0.26%、1.02%、3.02%、0.38%和 0.44%。柴胡皂苷对 DPPH、ABTS 和 -OH 自由基具有明显的清除能力。研究了七种柴胡皂苷与抗氧化靶标的相互作用，并通过网络药理学对柴胡皂苷和抗氧化剂的核心数据库进行了整理。通过 GO 富集分析和 KEGG 途径分析得出了柴胡皂苷抗氧化作用的机制。最后，通过分子对接发现柴胡皂苷与抗氧化靶标的结合能小于-5.0 kcal·mol，表明柴胡皂苷的抗氧化能力良好。因此，本研究开发了一种快速高效的柴胡皂苷提取方法，为深入了解柴胡皂苷的合理利用和药用价值的开发提供了理论依据。
