Odundo Fredrick, Ngigi Anastasiah, Magu Martin
Department of Chemistry, Multimedia University of Kenya, P.O Box 15653-00503 Nairobi, Kenya.
Heliyon. 2023 Jul 31;9(8):e18810. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18810. eCollection 2023 Aug.
The use of antibiotic pharmaceuticals in chicken husbandry has risen steadily over time. Antibiotic residues in chicken meat poses risks to human health in addition to their contribution to the advancement of antibiotic resistance. Despite the increased use of antibiotics in chicken farming in Kenya, assessments of the residues and human exposure have not been conducted. In this study, the sulfonamides (SAs); sulfapyridine (SPD), sulfadiazine (SDZ) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) and the β-lactams (βLs); ampicillin (AMP), penicillin G (PEG) and amoxicillin (AMX) were determined in three chicken meat types; ex-layers, broilers, and indigenous meat marketed in Nairobi City, Kenya. Residual SAs ranged from 0.1 to 154.4 μg kg, with SPD recording the highest concentration in ex-layers' chicken meat samples. A range of 19.7 to 309.0 μg kgof BLs was found, where the highest amount represented AMX in ex-layers. Mean AMX contents in all chicken types, and AMP in broilers were above the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). For SAs, only SPD mean content was above MRL in ex-layers. Human health risks from exposure to antibiotic-contaminated chicken meat was evaluated using % ADI. All tested βLs were of no risk (<1% ADI) to human health. SPD and SDZ posed considerable risk (1-5% ADI) in some chicken meat, whereas SPD in ex-layers' chicken meat posed distinctive risk (>5% ADI) to children. Considering the co-occurrence of different types of antibiotics in same samples, obtained MRLs and % ADI (for some of the antibiotics) are indicative of potential human health risks. Information is valuable in provoking response from concerned agencies and fostering activities that advocate for judicious use of antibiotics.
随着时间的推移，抗生素药物在养鸡业中的使用量稳步上升。鸡肉中的抗生素残留不仅会促进抗生素耐药性的发展，还会对人类健康构成风险。尽管肯尼亚养鸡业中抗生素的使用有所增加，但尚未对残留量和人类接触情况进行评估。在本研究中，测定了肯尼亚内罗毕市市场上销售的三种鸡肉类型（淘汰蛋鸡、肉鸡和土鸡肉）中的磺胺类药物（SAs）：磺胺吡啶（SPD）、磺胺嘧啶（SDZ）和磺胺二甲嘧啶（SMZ），以及β-内酰胺类药物（βLs）：氨苄青霉素（AMP）、青霉素G（PEG）和阿莫西林（AMX）。残留的SAs含量范围为0.1至154.4μg/kg，其中SPD在淘汰蛋鸡的鸡肉样本中浓度最高。发现βLs的含量范围为19.7至309.0μg/kg，其中最高含量是淘汰蛋鸡中的AMX。所有鸡肉类型中的AMX平均含量以及肉鸡中的AMP含量均高于最大残留限量（MRLs）。对于SAs，仅淘汰蛋鸡中SPD的平均含量高于MRL。使用每日允许摄入量百分比（%ADI）评估了接触受抗生素污染鸡肉对人类健康的风险。所有测试的βLs对人类健康均无风险（<1%ADI）。SPD和SDZ在某些鸡肉中构成相当大的风险（1 - 5%ADI），而淘汰蛋鸡的鸡肉中的SPD对儿童构成显著风险（>5%ADI）。考虑到同一样本中不同类型抗生素的共存情况，获得的MRLs和%ADI（对于某些抗生素）表明存在潜在的人类健康风险。这些信息对于促使相关机构做出反应以及推动倡导合理使用抗生素的活动具有重要价值。
