Koller Ana Maria, Săsăran Maria Oana, Mărginean Cristina Oana
Doctoral School, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No 38, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania.
Department of Pediatrics 3, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Gheorghe Marinescu Street No 38, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania.
Nutrients. 2025 May 30;17(11):1883. doi: 10.3390/nu17111883.
Pediatric obesity represents a multifactorial condition in which gut microbiota dysbiosis, low-grade systemic inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction are intricately connected. This systematic review sought to evaluate and integrate current findings regarding the interactions between gut microbial composition, dietary influences, inflammatory status, and metabolic outcomes in obese pediatric populations. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was conducted for studies published from January 2010 onward. Eligible studies comprised randomized controlled trials, and cohort, cross-sectional, and longitudinal designs involving individuals aged ≤18 years. Study quality was appraised using the NIH Study Quality Assessment Tool. Sixteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Dysbiosis was consistently observed among obese children, characterized by alterations in microbial diversity and abundance associated with increased inflammation and adverse metabolic profiles. Dietary interventions, notably symbiotic supplementation and adherence to Mediterranean diet patterns, were associated with favorable modulation of gut microbiota and inflammatory parameters. The majority of studies demonstrated high methodological quality, although minor observational limitations were noted. Gut microbiota dysregulation plays a central role in the development of metabolic and inflammatory complications associated with pediatric obesity. Although dietary and microbiota-modifying strategies show therapeutic promise, their effectiveness must be substantiated through robust, long-term studies.
小儿肥胖是一种多因素疾病，其中肠道微生物群失调、低度全身炎症和代谢功能障碍相互交织。本系统评价旨在评估和整合当前关于肥胖儿童人群肠道微生物组成、饮食影响、炎症状态和代谢结果之间相互作用的研究结果。对2010年1月起发表的研究在PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science数据库中进行了全面检索。符合条件的研究包括随机对照试验，以及涉及年龄≤18岁个体的队列研究、横断面研究和纵向研究。使用美国国立卫生研究院研究质量评估工具对研究质量进行评估。16项研究符合纳入标准。肥胖儿童中一致观察到微生物群失调，其特征是微生物多样性和丰度的改变与炎症增加和不良代谢特征相关。饮食干预，特别是共生菌补充和坚持地中海饮食模式，与肠道微生物群和炎症参数的良好调节有关。大多数研究显示出较高的方法学质量，尽管也注意到一些小的观察局限性。肠道微生物群失调在小儿肥胖相关的代谢和炎症并发症的发展中起核心作用。尽管饮食和微生物群调节策略显示出治疗前景，但它们的有效性必须通过有力的长期研究来证实。
