Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 Jul 27;13:1190910. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1190910. eCollection 2023.
Low diversity gut dysbiosis can take different forms depending on the disease context. In this study, we used shotgun metagenomic sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to compared the metagenomic and metabolomic profiles of diarrheal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and defined the additive effect of infection (CDI) on intestinal dysbiosis.
The study cohort consisted of 138 case-mix cancer patients, 43 IBD patients, and 45 healthy control individuals. Thirty-three patients were also infected with . In the control group, three well-known enterotypes were identified, while the other groups presented with an additional -driven enterotype. Bacterial diversity was significantly lower in all groups than in healthy controls, while the highest level of bacterial species richness was observed in cancer patients. Fifty-six bacterial species had abundance levels that differentiated diarrheal patient groups from the control group. Of these species, 52 and 4 (, , , and ) were under-represented and over-represented, respectively, in all diarrheal patient groups. The relative abundances of propionate and butyrate were significantly lower in fecal samples from IBD and CDI patients than in control samples. Isobutyrate, propanate, and butyrate concentrations were lower in cancer, IBD, and CDI samples, respectively. Glycine and valine amino acids were over- represented in diarrheal patients.
Our data indicate that different external and internal factors drive comparable profiles of low diversity dysbiosis. While diarrheal-related low diversity dysbiosis may be a consequence of systemic cancer therapy, a similar phenotype is observed in cases of moderate to severe IBD, and in both cases, dysbiosis is exacerbated by incidence of CDI.
根据疾病背景的不同，低多样性肠道菌群失调可能呈现不同的形式。在这项研究中，我们使用 shotgun 宏基因组测序和气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术比较了腹泻性癌症和炎症性肠病（IBD）患者的宏基因组和代谢组学特征，并定义了感染（CDI）对肠道菌群失调的附加影响。
研究队列包括 138 例混合癌症患者、43 例 IBD 患者和 45 名健康对照者。其中 33 名患者还感染了 。在对照组中，确定了三种众所周知的肠型，而其他组则呈现出一种额外的 驱动肠型。与健康对照组相比，所有组的细菌多样性均显著降低，而癌症患者的细菌物种丰富度最高。56 种细菌的丰度水平可将腹泻患者组与对照组区分开来。在这些物种中，52 种和 4 种（ 、 、 、和 ）在所有腹泻患者组中均呈现出低丰度，而其余物种（ 、 、 、 、 和 ）呈现出高丰度。IBD 和 CDI 患者粪便样本中的丙酸和丁酸相对丰度明显低于对照组。癌症、IBD 和 CDI 样本中的异丁酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐浓度分别降低。在腹泻患者中，甘氨酸和缬氨酸氨基酸过度表达。
我们的数据表明，不同的外部和内部因素驱动相似的低多样性菌群失调特征。虽然腹泻相关的低多样性菌群失调可能是全身癌症治疗的结果，但在中度至重度 IBD 中也观察到类似的表型，在这两种情况下，CDI 的发生都会使菌群失调恶化。
