Fenibo Emmanuel Oliver, Selvarajan Ramganesh, Wang Huiqi, Wang Yue, Abia Akebe Luther King
World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence, Centre for Oilfield Chemical Research, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt 500272, Nigeria.
Laboratory of Extraterrestrial Ocean Systems (LEOS), Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering (IDSSE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Sanya, China; Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, 1710, South Africa.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 10;903:166145. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166145. Epub 2023 Aug 12.
The deep ocean is a rich reservoir of unique organisms with great potential for bioprospecting, ecosystem services, and the discovery of novel materials. These organisms thrive in harsh environments characterized by high hydrostatic pressure, low temperature, and limited nutrients. Hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, prominent features of the deep ocean, provide a habitat for microorganisms involved in the production and filtration of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. Methanotrophs, comprising archaea and bacteria, play a crucial role in these processes. This review examines the intricate relationship between the roles, responses, and niche specialization of methanotrophs in the deep ocean ecosystem. Our findings reveal that different types of methanotrophs dominate specific zones depending on prevailing conditions. Type I methanotrophs thrive in oxygen-rich zones, while Type II methanotrophs display adaptability to diverse conditions. Verrumicrobiota and NC10 flourish in hypoxic and extreme environments. In addition to their essential role in methane regulation, methanotrophs contribute to various ecosystem functions. They participate in the degradation of foreign compounds and play a crucial role in cycling biogeochemical elements like metals, sulfur, and nitrogen. Methanotrophs also serve as a significant energy source for the oceanic food chain and drive chemosynthesis in the deep ocean. Moreover, their presence offers promising prospects for biotechnological applications, including the production of valuable compounds such as polyhydroxyalkanoates, methanobactin, exopolysaccharides, ecotines, methanol, putrescine, and biofuels. In conclusion, this review highlights the multifaceted roles of methanotrophs in the deep ocean ecosystem, underscoring their ecological significance and their potential for advancements in biotechnology. A comprehensive understanding of their niche specialization and responses will contribute to harnessing their full potential in various domains.
深海是独特生物的丰富宝库，在生物勘探、生态系统服务和新型材料发现方面具有巨大潜力。这些生物在以高静水压力、低温和有限营养为特征的恶劣环境中繁衍生息。热液喷口和冷泉是深海的显著特征，为参与甲烷（一种强效温室气体）产生和过滤的微生物提供了栖息地。甲烷营养菌包括古菌和细菌，在这些过程中起着关键作用。本综述探讨了深海生态系统中甲烷营养菌的作用、反应和生态位特化之间的复杂关系。我们的研究结果表明，不同类型的甲烷营养菌根据主导条件在特定区域占主导地位。I型甲烷营养菌在富氧区域茁壮成长，而II型甲烷营养菌对各种条件具有适应性。疣微菌门和NC10在缺氧和极端环境中繁盛。除了在甲烷调节中的重要作用外，甲烷营养菌还对各种生态系统功能做出贡献。它们参与外来化合物的降解，并在金属、硫和氮等生物地球化学元素的循环中发挥关键作用。甲烷营养菌也是海洋食物链的重要能量来源，并推动深海中的化学合成。此外，它们的存在为生物技术应用提供了广阔前景，包括生产聚羟基脂肪酸酯、甲烷菌素、胞外多糖、依克替肽、甲醇、腐胺和生物燃料等有价值的化合物。总之，本综述强调了甲烷营养菌在深海生态系统中的多方面作用，突显了它们的生态意义以及在生物技术方面取得进展的潜力。全面了解它们的生态位特化和反应将有助于在各个领域充分发挥它们的潜力。
