Banking and Finance Department, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, 99138 Nicosia, Mersin 10, TRNC, Turkey.
Department of Business Administration, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Sep;30(43):96701-96714. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-29308-9. Epub 2023 Aug 15.
Russia holds the position of being the third largest global producer of oil and plays a significant role in the supply of oil and gas to Europe. The ongoing war conflict has the potential to impede the bilateral and multilateral relations between Russia and Europe. The ramifications of this event will have notable reverberations for environmental endeavors in Europe. The aforementioned premise forms the basis of our investigation, wherein we scrutinize the correlation among oil price, coal price, gas price, economic growth, and coal consumption, while taking into account the ramifications of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. We adopted fully "modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS), and canonical cointegration regression (CCR)" econometric techniques to gauge the nexus between factors of interest in the top 4 European Russian gas importer economies (Poland, Netherland, Hungry, and Germany). The empirical outcomes reveal substantial negative impact of economic growth and coal price elasticity on the coal consumption. On the contrary, oil and gas price elasticities depict significant positive influence on the coal consumption. Hence, this study concludes that a rise in oil and gas prices leads to an increase in coal consumption, which in turn negatively impacts environmental quality. Furthermore, the occurrence of war has the potential to impede the utilization of coal resources in Netherlands and Hungary. On the other hand, the impact of war is noteworthy and constructive in Poland and Germany. Thus, war results ecological imbalance in Poland and Germany in particular. Governments, decision-makers, stakeholders, and environmentalists must develop a long-term plan that calls for a paradigm shift away from gas, oil, and coal usage and toward more environmentally benign renewable energy sources.
俄罗斯是全球第三大石油生产国，在向欧洲供应石油和天然气方面发挥着重要作用。持续的战争冲突有可能阻碍俄罗斯与欧洲之间的双边和多边关系。这一事件的影响将对欧洲的环境努力产生显著的反响。上述前提是我们调查的基础，我们在研究中考察了石油价格、煤炭价格、天然气价格、经济增长和煤炭消费之间的相关性，同时考虑到俄罗斯-乌克兰冲突的影响。我们采用了完全“修正普通最小二乘法（FMOLS）、动态普通最小二乘法（DOLS）和典型协整回归（CCR）”计量经济学技术，以衡量前 4 大欧洲俄罗斯天然气进口经济体（波兰、荷兰、匈牙利和德国）中感兴趣因素之间的关系。实证结果表明，经济增长和煤炭价格弹性对煤炭消费有实质性的负面影响。相反，石油和天然气价格弹性对煤炭消费有显著的积极影响。因此，本研究得出结论，石油和天然气价格的上涨导致煤炭消费的增加，从而对环境质量产生负面影响。此外，战争的发生有可能阻碍荷兰和匈牙利对煤炭资源的利用。另一方面，战争在波兰和德国的影响是显著的和建设性的。因此，战争尤其导致了波兰和德国的生态失衡。政府、决策者、利益相关者和环保主义者必须制定一项长期计划，呼吁从天然气、石油和煤炭使用向更环保的可再生能源转变。
