Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, Cyprus International University, 99040 Nicosia, Turkey.
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Turkey.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 9;18(14):7347. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147347.
Despite the drive for increased environmental protection and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), coal, oil, and natural gas use continues to dominate Japan's energy mix. In light of this issue, this research assessed the position of natural gas, oil, and coal energy use in Japan's environmental mitigation efforts from the perspective of sustainable development with respect to economic growth between 1965 and 2019. In this regard, the study employs Bayer and Hanck cointegration, fully modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS), and dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) to investigate these interconnections. The empirical findings from this study revealed that the utilization of natural gas, oil, and coal energy reduces the sustainability of the environment with oil consumption having the most significant impact. Furthermore, the study validates the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in Japan. The outcomes of the Gradual shift causality showed that CO emissions can predict economic growth, while oil, coal, and energy consumption can predict CO emissions in Japan. Given Japan's ongoing energy crisis, this innovative analysis provides valuable policy insights to stakeholders and authorities in the nation's energy sector.
尽管人们一直在推动加强环境保护并实现可持续发展目标（SDGs），但煤炭、石油和天然气的使用仍在继续主导日本的能源结构。有鉴于此，本研究从可持续发展的角度出发，评估了 1965 年至 2019 年间日本在经济增长方面天然气、石油和煤炭能源使用对环境缓解的作用。为此，本研究采用拜尔和汉克协整、完全修正最小二乘法（FMOLS）和动态最小二乘法（DOLS）来研究这些关联。本研究的实证结果表明，天然气、石油和煤炭能源的利用降低了环境的可持续性，其中石油消耗的影响最大。此外，本研究在日本验证了环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）假说。逐步转移因果关系的结果表明，CO2 排放可以预测经济增长，而石油、煤炭和能源消耗可以预测日本的 CO2 排放。鉴于日本当前的能源危机，这一创新性分析为日本能源部门的利益相关者和当局提供了有价值的政策见解。
