Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, 17 Antares Place, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0632, New Zealand.
School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
Eur J Nutr. 2023 Dec;62(8):3297-3310. doi: 10.1007/s00394-023-03233-6. Epub 2023 Aug 16.
To characterise self-reported nutrition practices and beliefs of powerlifters.
Actively competing male (n = 240) and female (n = 65) powerlifters completed a cross-sectional online survey of self-reported nutrition practices across the competitive cycle, within specific competitive phases, and hard and easy training days. Data are presented as number (n) and percentage (%) of all powerlifters practicing a given strategy followed by a % of responses reporting various practices or beliefs within this strategy. Differences in categorical sub-groups (sex, age, and weight class; and competitive calibre) were analysed with a chi-square test and denoted where significant (p ≤ 0.05).
Most powerlifters reported following a specific diet long-term (n = 203, 66.6%) of which If It Fits Your Macros (IIFYM)/flexible dieting was most common (n = 159, 78.3%). Over half reported introducing a special diet for a competitive phase (n = 162, 53.1%), of which IIFYM/flexible dieting was most followed for competition preparation (n = 80, 63%) and off-season (n = 48, 71.6%). Compared to normal dietary intake, most reported eating more on harder training days (n = 219, 71.8%) and refraining from eating less on easier training days (n = 186, 61%).
IIFYM/flexible dieting is commonly followed by powerlifters to support performance and body composition goals. Females seemed to report more often restricting energy and dieting for body composition reasons than males. Powerlifters tailor their energy intake on harder training days to the higher training demands but refrain from reducing energy intake on rest/easier training days.
描述力量举重运动员自我报告的营养实践和信念。
活跃的男性（n=240）和女性（n=65）力量举重运动员完成了一项关于整个竞争周期内、特定竞争阶段内以及艰苦和轻松训练日的自我报告营养实践的横断面在线调查。数据以特定策略的所有力量举重运动员的数量（n）和百分比（%）表示，然后是报告该策略内各种实践或信念的百分比（%）。对性别、年龄和体重级别以及竞技水平的分类亚组的差异进行了卡方检验，并在显著差异时进行了标记（p≤0.05）。
大多数力量举重运动员长期遵循特定的饮食（n=203，66.6%），其中 IFIT 适合您的宏量（IIFYM）/灵活饮食最为常见（n=159，78.3%）。超过一半的人报告为竞争阶段引入特殊饮食（n=162，53.1%），其中 IIFYM/灵活饮食在比赛准备（n=80，63%）和淡季（n=48，71.6%）中最为常见。与正常饮食摄入相比，大多数人在艰苦训练日报告摄入更多（n=219，71.8%），在轻松训练日报告减少进食（n=186，61%）。
IIFYM/灵活饮食通常被力量举重运动员用于支持表现和身体成分目标。女性似乎比男性更经常因为身体成分原因限制能量和节食。力量举重运动员根据更高的训练需求调整艰苦训练日的能量摄入，但避免在休息/轻松训练日减少能量摄入。
