高牛奶摄入量与糖尿病风险降低相关：病例对照研究。
Higher milk consumption is associated with a lower risk of diabetes mellitus: A case-control study.
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailandand.
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2023 Aug 16;18(8):e0289762. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289762. eCollection 2023.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Studies have determined that people with genetically defined lactase non-persistence have lower dairy intake that may lead to an increase risk of various non-communicable diseases. Furthermore, lactase non-persistence itself has been associated with insulin resistance. However, data on lactase non-persistence status and dairy intake in developing countries are sparse. We therefore aimed to define 1) the prevalence of lactase non-persistence among individuals with diabetes and non-diabetes in Thai population and 2) the links between lactase non-persistence, milk consumption, and risk of diabetes mellitus.
METHODS
We conducted a case-control study from participants of the National Health Examination Survey. DNA was isolated from the blood for LCT -13910C>T (rs4988235) polymorphism and processed using the Bio-rad c1000 touch thermal cycler and MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry MassARRAY Typer v4.0 (Agena Bioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) at the Center for Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital. Cases were participants with previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus or fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL (n = 1,756) vs. the controls (n = 2,380).
RESULTS
We included 4,136 participants, 62% female, and 98.8% were > 30 years old. Homozygous CC genotype (i.e., lactase non-persistence) was noted in 98.6% and only 1.4% carried heterozygous CT. Most (76%) consumed milk <1 portion/month. Participants with either CC or CT genotype had comparable milk consumption and the risk of diabetes mellitus. Males, older adults, and lower education had a lower chance of consuming milk at least one portion per month. Besides various baseline variables, we found that higher milk consumption was associated with a lower DM risk (P = .01).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of lactase non-persistence in Thai population is very high. A significant difference in milk consumption frequency in relation to the lactase non-persistence status was not found. However, higher milk consumption is associated with a lower risk of diabetes mellitus.
背景与目的
研究表明，具有乳糖酶非持续性遗传特征的人群奶制品摄入量较低，这可能会增加各种非传染性疾病的发病风险。此外，乳糖酶非持续性本身与胰岛素抵抗有关。然而，发展中国家有关乳糖酶非持续性状态和奶制品摄入量的数据很少。因此，我们旨在确定：1）泰国人群中糖尿病和非糖尿病个体的乳糖酶非持续性流行率；2）乳糖酶非持续性、牛奶消费与糖尿病发病风险之间的联系。
方法
我们进行了一项病例对照研究，研究对象来自国家健康检查调查的参与者。从血液中提取 DNA 用于 LCT-13910C>T（rs4988235）多态性检测，使用 Bio-rad c1000 touch 热循环仪和 MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry MassARRAY Typer v4.0（Agena Bioscience，加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥）在医学基因组中心进行处理，该中心位于 Ramathibodi 医院医学系。病例组为先前诊断为糖尿病或空腹血糖≥126mg/dL（n=1756）的参与者，对照组为（n=2380）。
结果
我们纳入了 4136 名参与者，其中 62%为女性，98.8%年龄>30 岁。纯合 CC 基因型（即乳糖酶非持续性）占 98.6%，仅有 1.4%为杂合 CT。大多数（76%）参与者每月食用牛奶<1 份。具有 CC 或 CT 基因型的参与者的牛奶摄入量和糖尿病发病风险相当。男性、老年人和教育程度较低的人群每月至少食用一份牛奶的可能性较低。除了各种基线变量外，我们还发现，较高的牛奶摄入量与较低的糖尿病发病风险相关（P=0.01）。
结论
泰国人群的乳糖酶非持续性流行率非常高。在乳糖酶非持续性状态与牛奶消费频率之间未发现显著差异。然而，较高的牛奶摄入量与较低的糖尿病发病风险相关。
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