Parasitology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
Parasitology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Parasitology & Entomology Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sialkot, Daska Road 51040, Pakistan.
Vet Parasitol. 2023 Sep;321:110003. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110003. Epub 2023 Aug 2.
Coccidiosis is an acute gastrointestinal parasitic disease and causes approximately $2.80 to $3.27 per m loss in a broiler farm of a 33-day-old flock. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were green synthesized using the aqueous leaf extract of Ficus racemosa as a reducing and capping agent to reduce the emerging resistance in coccidia spores against conventional treatments and boost the immune level in broilers. These IONPs were evaluated for their impacts on the growth performance, biochemistry, blood profile, and histology in the coccidiodized broiler chicken with Emeria tenella under in vivo conditions. The characteristics and stability of particles were obtained using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray absorption (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential and zeta size. The results indicated that IONPs at the moderate dose of 15 mg/kg (p = 0.001) reduced the coccidial impacts by eliminating oocyst shedding per gram feces (up to 91%) and reducing clinical symptoms (lesions (LS = 0), bloody diarrhea (No), and mortality (0%) in chicken at day 10 of treatment as compared to the negative control group-B (infected & non-treated). A dose-dependent and time-dependent trend were observed during treatments (10, 15, and 20 mg/kg) of 1-3 weeks using IONPs against the coccidial impacts on the growth parameters (body weight gain, mean feed consumption, feed conversion ratio) and biochemistry (plasma glucose, total protein, uric acid, ALT, AST, and ALP) in chickens. Additionally, F. racemosa IONPs at a dose of 15 and 20 mg/kg significantly recovered the parasitized and highly damaged hepatocytes, liver tissues, and ceca tissues after 1-3 weeks of treatment in broiler chickens. Overall, the 15 mg/kg concentration of IONPs exhibited fast recovery and growth enhancement in coccidiodized broilers. Therefore, the 15 mg/kg dose of green synthesized IONPs using leaf extract of F. racemosa could be a potential and safe anticoccidial agent with targeted implications in the poultry industry.
球虫病是一种急性胃肠道寄生虫病，会导致 33 日龄鸡群的肉鸡养殖场每只损失 2.80 至 3.27 美元。在这项研究中，使用榕树叶的水提物作为还原剂和封端剂，绿色合成了氧化铁纳米粒子 (IONPs)，以降低球虫孢子对常规治疗的抗药性，并提高肉鸡的免疫水平。在体内条件下，用柔嫩艾美耳球虫感染的情况下，评估这些 IONPs 对肉鸡的生长性能、生物化学、血液谱和组织学的影响。使用紫外可见分光光度法、傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR)、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、能量色散 X 射线吸收 (EDX)、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、Zeta 电位和 Zeta 尺寸获得了颗粒的特性和稳定性。结果表明，在中剂量 15mg/kg（p=0.001）时，IONPs 通过消除每克粪便中的卵囊脱落（高达 91%）并减轻临床症状（病变（LS=0）、血性腹泻（无）和死亡率（0%）来减轻球虫的影响鸡在治疗的第 10 天与阴性对照组-B（感染和未治疗）相比。在 1-3 周的时间内，用 IONPs 处理（10、15 和 20mg/kg）时，观察到剂量和时间依赖性趋势，以减少球虫对生长参数（体重增加、平均饲料消耗、饲料转化率）和生物化学（血浆葡萄糖、总蛋白、尿酸、ALT、AST 和 ALP）的影响。此外，榕树叶 IONPs 剂量为 15 和 20mg/kg 时，在 1-3 周的治疗后，可显著恢复感染和高度受损的肝细胞、肝组织和盲肠组织。总的来说，15mg/kg 浓度的 IONPs 可使球虫感染的肉鸡快速恢复和生长。因此，使用榕树叶的水提物绿色合成的 15mg/kg IONPs 可能是一种有潜力和安全的抗球虫剂，对家禽业具有针对性的意义。
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