Chen Feng, Ke Qiongwei, Wei Wenyan, Cui Lili, Wang Yan
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China.
Department of Gerontology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China.
Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 2023 Jul 28;33:529-542. doi: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.031. eCollection 2023 Sep 12.
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a multifunctional protein critical for lipid metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis. In addition to being a well known genetic determinant of both neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, ApoE is frequently involved in various viral infection-related diseases. Human ApoE protein is functionally polymorphic with three isoforms, namely, ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4, with markedly altered protein structures and functions. ApoE4 is associated with increased susceptibility to infection with herpes simplex virus type-1 and HIV. Conversely, ApoE4 protects against hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus infection. With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, ApoE4 has been shown to determine the incidence and progression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. These findings clearly indicate the critical role of ApoE in viral infection. Furthermore, polymorphism has various or even opposite effects in these infection processes, which are partly related to the structural features that distinguish the different ApoE statuses. In the current review, we summarize the emerging relationship between ApoE and viral infection, discuss the potential mechanisms, and identify future directions that may help to advance our understanding of the link between ApoE and viral infection.
载脂蛋白E（ApoE）是一种对脂质代谢和胆固醇稳态至关重要的多功能蛋白质。除了是神经退行性疾病和心血管疾病的著名遗传决定因素外，ApoE还经常参与各种与病毒感染相关的疾病。人类ApoE蛋白在功能上具有多态性，有三种异构体，即ApoE2、ApoE3和ApoE4，其蛋白质结构和功能有明显改变。ApoE4与1型单纯疱疹病毒和HIV感染的易感性增加有关。相反，ApoE4可预防丙型肝炎病毒和乙型肝炎病毒感染。随着2019冠状病毒病的爆发，已表明ApoE4可决定严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2感染的发生率和进展。这些发现清楚地表明了ApoE在病毒感染中的关键作用。此外，多态性在这些感染过程中具有各种甚至相反的作用，这部分与区分不同ApoE状态的结构特征有关。在本综述中，我们总结了ApoE与病毒感染之间新出现的关系，讨论了潜在机制，并确定了可能有助于推进我们对ApoE与病毒感染之间联系理解的未来方向。
