Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
Environ Sci Technol. 2023 Aug 29;57(34):12557-12570. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00636. Epub 2023 Aug 17.
Microbial nitrite oxidation is the primary pathway that generates nitrate in wastewater treatment systems and can be performed by a variety of microbes: namely, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Since NOB were first isolated 130 years ago, the understanding of the phylogenetical and physiological diversities of NOB has been gradually deepened. In recent endeavors of advanced biological nitrogen removal, NOB have been more considered as a troublesome disruptor, and strategies on NOB suppression often fail in practice after long-term operation due to the growth of specific NOB that are able to adapt to even harsh conditions. In line with a review of the history of currently known NOB genera, a phylogenetic tree is constructed to exhibit a wide range of NOB in different phyla. In addition, the growth behavior and metabolic performance of different NOB strains are summarized. These specific features of various NOB (e.g., high oxygen affinity of , tolerance to chemical inhibitors of and , and preference to high temperature of ) highlight the differentiation of the NOB ecological niche in biological nitrogen processes and potentially support their adaptation to different suppression strategies (e.g., low dissolved oxygen, chemical treatment, and high temperature). This review implicates the acquired physiological characteristics of NOB to their emergence from a genomic and ecological perspective and emphasizes the importance of understanding physiological characterization and genomic information in future wastewater treatment studies.
微生物亚硝酸盐氧化是废水处理系统中生成硝酸盐的主要途径，可由多种微生物完成：即亚硝酸盐氧化细菌（NOB）。自 130 年前首次分离出 NOB 以来，人们对其系统发育和生理多样性的认识逐渐加深。在最近的高级生物脱氮研究中，NOB 更被视为一个麻烦的干扰因素，由于能够适应甚至恶劣条件的特定 NOB 的生长，抑制 NOB 的策略在长期运行后往往在实践中失败。本综述回顾了目前已知的 NOB 属的历史，构建了一个系统发育树来展示不同门中广泛存在的 NOB。此外，还总结了不同 NOB 菌株的生长行为和代谢性能。这些各种 NOB 的特定特征（例如，对 和 的高氧亲和力、对化学抑制剂的耐受性和对高温的偏好）突出了生物氮过程中 NOB 生态位的分化，并可能支持它们适应不同的抑制策略（例如，低溶解氧、化学处理和高温）。本综述从基因组和生态学的角度说明了 NOB 获得的生理特征，强调了在未来的废水处理研究中理解生理特征和基因组信息的重要性。
