Unidad de Endocrinología Infantil, Servicio de Pediatría, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Unidad de Endocrinología Infantil, Servicio de Pediatría, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr (Engl Ed). 2023 Sep;70 Suppl 3:10-17. doi: 10.1016/j.endien.2023.08.001. Epub 2023 Aug 16.
Childhood obesity is an extremely prevalent pathology and, in order to be able to address it, it is necessary to understand the factors that influence on its genesis and maintenance. We hypothesise that the timing of meals and sleep, the regularity of these throughout the week and a sedentary lifestyle influence the degree of obesity.
We included children and adolescents with obesity who attended a first check-up visit at the Childhood Obesity Unit between January 2018 and February 2020. The data were obtained from a questionnaire on food (36-h intake, frequency of consumption, eating times and habits) and sleep.
The degree of obesity was influenced to a greater extent by later meal times and the distribution of calories throughout the day (less at breakfast, more at dinner) than by the total number of calories ingested. In addition, a lower consumption of vegetables was related to a higher degree of obesity. The difference between the hours of sleep at weekends and on weekdays correlated positively with a higher degree of obesity. Finally, the anthropometric data correlated negatively with the number of hours of physical activity. Almost half of the children did not exercise after school.
In the approach to childhood obesity, it is necessary to include recommendations on the regularity of meal and sleep times, as well as the distribution of calories throughout the day. Additionally, it is necessary to encourage the practice of physical exercise.
儿童肥胖是一种极其普遍的疾病，为了能够解决这个问题，我们必须了解影响其发生和维持的因素。我们假设进餐和睡眠的时间、一周内的规律性以及久坐的生活方式会影响肥胖程度。
我们纳入了 2018 年 1 月至 2020 年 2 月期间在儿童肥胖科就诊的肥胖儿童和青少年。数据来自于关于饮食（36 小时摄入量、消费频率、进食时间和习惯）和睡眠的问卷。
与摄入的总卡路里相比，进餐时间较晚和全天卡路里分布（早餐摄入较少，晚餐摄入较多）对肥胖程度的影响更大。此外，蔬菜摄入量较少与肥胖程度较高有关。周末和工作日睡眠时间的差异与肥胖程度呈正相关。最后，人体测量数据与体育活动的小时数呈负相关。几乎一半的儿童放学后不进行体育锻炼。
在治疗儿童肥胖症时，有必要提出关于进餐和睡眠时间规律性以及全天卡路里分布的建议。此外，还必须鼓励进行体育锻炼。
