Zhang Ying
Institute of Physical Education Teaching and Research, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 22;15(1):9953. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94439-7.
College students' health and behavioral issues are gaining increasing global attention, with the optimization and choices of dietary structure becoming key factors affecting their physical and mental development. This study examines adolescents to explore the impact of dietary habit changes on their physical health. First, we investigated the factors influencing dietary habit changes after students entered college through questionnaires. Based on the theory of planned behavior, we constructed a structural equation model and found that perceived behavioral control had the greatest impact on college students' dietary choices. In addition, we investigated the patterns of dietary changes among adolescents and conducted an observational experiment on the impact of dietary changes on physical fitness. The results divided participants into three groups: those reducing high-calorie food intake, those increasing fiber intake, and those reducing high-fat and high-salt food intake. The findings showed that reducing high-calorie food intake had the most significant effect on students' physical health, resulting in a 7.5% improvement. Increasing fiber intake followed with a 5.68% improvement, while reducing high-fat and high-salt intake led to a 5.48% improvement in physical health. This study suggests that creating a supportive environment-within society, schools, and families-can encourage healthy eating habits among adolescents.
大学生的健康和行为问题日益受到全球关注，饮食结构的优化和选择成为影响他们身心健康发展的关键因素。本研究以青少年为研究对象，探讨饮食习惯变化对其身体健康的影响。首先，我们通过问卷调查，研究了学生进入大学后影响饮食习惯变化的因素。基于计划行为理论，我们构建了一个结构方程模型，发现感知行为控制对大学生的饮食选择影响最大。此外，我们研究了青少年的饮食变化模式，并就饮食变化对身体素质的影响进行了一项观察性实验。结果将参与者分为三组：减少高热量食物摄入量的学生、增加纤维摄入量的学生和减少高脂肪高盐食物摄入量的学生。研究结果表明，减少高热量食物摄入量对学生身体健康的影响最为显著，可使健康状况改善7.5%。增加纤维摄入量次之，可使健康状况改善5.68%，而减少高脂肪高盐食物摄入量则使身体健康状况改善5.48%。本研究表明，在社会、学校和家庭中营造支持性环境，可以鼓励青少年养成健康的饮食习惯。
