Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China.
Exp Neurol. 2023 Oct;368:114506. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114506. Epub 2023 Aug 18.
Functional limitation caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) has the problem of significant clinical and economic burden. Damaged spinal axonal connections and an inhibitory environment severely hamper neuronal function. Regenerative biomaterials can fill the cavity and produce an optimal microenvironment at the site of SCI, inhibiting apoptosis, inflammation, and glial scar formation while promoting neurogenesis, axonal development, and angiogenesis. Decellularization aims to eliminate cells from the ultrastructure of tissues while keeping tissue-specific components that are similar to the structure of real tissues, making decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) a suitable scaffold for tissue engineering. dECM has good biocompatibility, it can be widely obtained from natural organs of different species, and can be co-cultured with cells for 3D printing to obtain the target scaffold. In this paper, we reviewed the pathophysiology of SCI, the characteristics of dECM and its preparation method, and the application of dECM in the treatment of SCI. Although dECM has shown its therapeutic effect at present, there are still many indicators that need to be taken into account, such as the difficulty in obtaining materials and standardized production mode for large-scale use, the effect of decellularization on the physical and chemical properties of dECM, and the study on the synergistic effect of dECM and cells.
脊髓损伤（SCI）导致的功能障碍存在严重的临床和经济负担问题。受损的脊髓轴突连接和抑制性环境严重阻碍了神经元功能。再生生物材料可以填补 SCI 部位的空洞，并产生最佳的微环境，抑制细胞凋亡、炎症和神经胶质瘢痕形成，同时促进神经发生、轴突发育和血管生成。脱细胞化旨在在保留类似于真实组织结构的组织特异性成分的同时，从组织的超微结构中去除细胞，使脱细胞细胞外基质（dECM）成为组织工程的合适支架。dECM 具有良好的生物相容性，可广泛从不同物种的天然器官中获得，并可与细胞共培养进行 3D 打印，以获得目标支架。本文综述了 SCI 的病理生理学、dECM 的特性及其制备方法，以及 dECM 在 SCI 治疗中的应用。尽管 dECM 目前已经显示出了治疗效果，但仍有许多指标需要考虑，例如材料的获取难度和大规模使用的标准化生产模式、脱细胞化对 dECM 理化性质的影响，以及 dECM 与细胞协同作用的研究。
