Gibson Laurel P, Skrzynski Carillon J, Giordano Gregory R, Bryan Angela D
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States.
Front Psychol. 2023 Aug 4;14:1217144. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1217144. eCollection 2023.
The increasing availability of legal-market cannabis products has raised many questions about potential harms and benefits of increased use. In particular, concerns have been raised about the possible negative impact of cannabis use on behavioral determinants of obesity and chronic disease, including diet and exercise. However, previous research is mixed and has largely relied on cross-sectional survey data and coarse measurements of cannabis use, underscoring the need for more rigorous research designs.
The present study utilized longitudinal daily diary data to assess whether exercise and diet patterns differed between cannabis users and non-users and, within cannabis users, whether legal-market cannabis use, diet, and exercise covaried within individuals across time and based on cannabinoid content.
A sample of 98 participants (77 cannabis users, 21 non-users) completed a baseline appointment and a 30-day daily diary study assessing their daily cannabis use, diet, and exercise. Cannabis users were quasi-randomly assigned to use either a THC-dominant flower product ( = 36) or a CBD-containing flower product ( = 41) over the course of the daily diary study. Participants were between the ages of 21 and 41 ( = 29.28) and were majority male (61.2%).
At baseline, there were no differences in BMI or exercise behavior between users and non-users. Likelihood of exercising and exercise minutes per day over the 30-day period also did not differ between users and non-users, nor did these outcomes differ on cannabis use vs. non-use days among cannabis using participants. In contrast, there was some evidence for a relationship between cannabis use and dietary measures. At baseline, non-users scored higher on the Healthy Eating Index than users. Daily data also indicated that users consumed marginally more salty snacks and fast food per day relative to non-users, and users consumed more fruits/vegetables and marginally more salty snacks on cannabis use days vs. non-use days. Interestingly, among users, no associations were dependent on the cannabinoid content of their assigned product.
Findings suggest little association between cannabis use and exercise but underscore the need for further research on how cannabis use may impact dietary patterns. Future research should examine the impact of cannabis on non-behavioral pathways to obesity and chronic disease (e.g., metabolism).
合法市场上大麻产品的可获得性日益增加，引发了许多关于使用增加带来的潜在危害和益处的问题。特别是，人们对大麻使用可能对肥胖和慢性病的行为决定因素（包括饮食和运动）产生的负面影响表示担忧。然而，先前的研究结果不一，且很大程度上依赖于横断面调查数据和对大麻使用的粗略测量，这突出表明需要更严格的研究设计。
本研究利用纵向每日日记数据，评估大麻使用者和非使用者之间的运动和饮食模式是否存在差异，以及在大麻使用者中，合法市场上的大麻使用、饮食和运动在个体内部是否随时间以及基于大麻素含量而共同变化。
98名参与者（77名大麻使用者，21名非使用者）的样本完成了一次基线预约和一项为期30天的每日日记研究，评估他们的每日大麻使用、饮食和运动情况。在每日日记研究过程中，大麻使用者被准随机分配使用以四氢大麻酚为主的花卉产品（n = 36）或含大麻二酚的花卉产品（n = 41）。参与者年龄在21岁至41岁之间（M = 29.28），大多数为男性（61.2%）。
在基线时，使用者和非使用者之间的体重指数或运动行为没有差异。在30天期间，使用者和非使用者每天锻炼的可能性和锻炼分钟数也没有差异，在大麻使用者中，使用大麻日和不使用大麻日的这些结果也没有差异。相比之下，有一些证据表明大麻使用与饮食指标之间存在关系。在基线时，非使用者在健康饮食指数上的得分高于使用者。每日数据还表明，相对于非使用者，使用者每天食用的咸味零食和快餐略多，并且在使用大麻日与不使用大麻日相比，使用者食用更多的水果/蔬菜和略多的咸味零食。有趣的是，在使用者中，没有关联依赖于他们所分配产品的大麻素含量。
研究结果表明大麻使用与运动之间几乎没有关联，但强调需要进一步研究大麻使用可能如何影响饮食模式。未来的研究应该考察大麻对肥胖和慢性病的非行为途径（例如新陈代谢）的影响。
