MMP12 serves as an immune cell-related marker of disease status and prognosis in lung squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND

Worldwide, lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) has wreaked havoc on humanity. Matrix metallopeptidase 12 () plays an essential role in a variety of cancers. This study aimed to reveal the expression, clinical significance, and potential molecular mechanisms of in LUSC.

METHODS

There were 2,738 messenger RNA (mRNA) samples from several multicenter databases used to detect expression in LUSC, and 125 tissue samples were validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiments. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, Kaplan-Meier curves, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess the clinical value of in LUSC. The potential molecular mechanisms of were explored by gene enrichment analysis and immune correlation analysis. Furthermore, single-cell sequencing was used to determine the distribution of in multiple tumor microenvironment cells.

RESULTS

was significantly overexpressed at the mRNA level ( < 0.05, SMD = 3.13, 95% CI [2.51-3.75]), which was verified at the protein level ( < 0.001) by internal IHC experiments. expression could be used to differentiate LUSC samples from normal samples, and overexpression of itself implied a worse clinical prognosis and higher levels of immune cell infiltration in LUSC patients. was involved in cancer development and progression through two immune-related signaling pathways. The high expression of in LUSC might act as an antigen-presenting cell-associated tumor neoantigen and activate the body's immune response.

CONCLUSIONS

expression is upregulated in LUSC and high expression of serves as a risk factor for LUSC patients. may be involved in cancer development by participating in immune-related signaling pathways and elevating the level of immune cell infiltration.