Doughty Kimberly N, Blazek Juliana, Leonard David, Barlow Carolyn E, DeFina Laura F, Farrell Stephen W, Shuval Kerem
Marion Peckham Egan School of Nursing & Health Studies, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, USA.
Department of Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2023 Aug 6;35:102364. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102364. eCollection 2023 Oct.
Higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids in red blood cell membranes (omega-3 index or O3I) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are each associated with reduced cognitive impairment, but little research has examined the relationship between O3I and cognitive function while accounting for CRF. We analyzed cross-sectional data from 5,464 healthy men and women aged 55-85 years who had preventive medical examinations between 2009 and 2023. Primary exposures included O3I (<4.0%, 4.0-7.9%, or ≥ 8.0%) and age- and sex-based CRF quintile (1 = low, 2-3 = moderate, 4-5 = high). Cognitive impairment was defined as a Montreal Cognitive Assessment score of ≤ 25. We used Poisson regression to estimate relative risks (RR) of cognitive impairment, controlling for covariates. O3I < 4% was associated with increased cognitive impairment relative to ≥ 8.0% (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01-1.44) in a partially adjusted model. This association did not remain statistically significant in the fully adjusted model which included CRF. Low versus high CRF was associated with cognitive impairment (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.07-1.53), independent of O3I and clinical biomarkers. The interaction between CRF and O3I was not significant ( = 0.8). In joint association analysis, risk of cognitive impairment was elevated with lower omega-3 index or CRF or both. Additional research is needed to fully understand the association between O3I and cognitive function at varying CRF levels.
红细胞膜中较高水平的ω-3脂肪酸（ω-3指数或O3I）和心肺适能（CRF）均与认知障碍减轻相关，但很少有研究在考虑CRF的情况下检验O3I与认知功能之间的关系。我们分析了2009年至2023年间进行预防性体检的5464名55-85岁健康男性和女性的横断面数据。主要暴露因素包括O3I（<4.0%、4.0-7.9%或≥8.0%）以及基于年龄和性别的CRF五分位数（1=低，2-3=中等，4-5=高）。认知障碍定义为蒙特利尔认知评估得分≤25分。我们使用泊松回归来估计认知障碍的相对风险（RR），并对协变量进行控制。在部分调整模型中，相对于≥8.0%，O3I<4%与认知障碍增加相关（RR，1.21；95%CI，1.01-1.44）。在纳入CRF的完全调整模型中，这种关联不再具有统计学意义。低CRF与高CRF相比与认知障碍相关（RR，1.28；95%CI，1.07-1.53），独立于O3I和临床生物标志物。CRF和O3I之间的交互作用不显著（P=0.8）。在联合关联分析中，ω-3指数较低或CRF较低或两者都低时，认知障碍风险升高。需要进一步研究以充分了解不同CRF水平下O3I与认知功能之间的关联。
