在自愿拒绝兵役辩论中被忽视的声音：英国服务使用者对自愿拒绝堕胎的经历。
The missing voices in the conscientious objection debate: British service users' experiences of conscientious objection to abortion.
机构信息
Exchange Station, Tithebarn Street, Liverpool, L2 2QP, UK.
School of Health, 81 Tithebarn St, Liverpool, L2 2ER, UK.
出版信息
BMC Med Ethics. 2023 Aug 21;24(1):65. doi: 10.1186/s12910-023-00934-9.
BACKGROUND
The fourth section of the 1967 Abortion Act states that individuals (including health care practitioners) do not have to participate in an abortion if they have a conscientious objection. A conscientious objection is a refusal to participate in abortion on the grounds of conscience. This may be informed by religious, moral, philosophical, ethical, or personal beliefs. Currently, there is very little investigation into the impact of conscientious objection on service users in Britain. The perspectives of service users are imperative in understanding the real-world consequences and potential impact of conscientious objection and should be considered when creating and reviewing policies and guidelines. This research provided a platform for women and those who can become pregnant to share their experiences and opinions at a time when these voices are largely excluded in the great tradition of Western political philosophy and law-making processes.
METHOD
Five service users were interviewed using a narrative interview approach to uncover their abortion journeys and experiences of conscientious objection.
FINDINGS
The findings were presented as found poems and uncovered that doctors are not always: informing service users that they have a conscientious objection to abortion, giving service users enough information to access abortion (indirect referral), treating them non-judgmentally, and providing medically correct information. Service users did not experience burdens such as long waiting times and were still able to access legal abortion. However, service users did experience negative emotional effects, as they were often left feeling scared, angry, and hopeless when they were not referred and/or were mistreated.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings indicate that conscientious objection could work in practice. However, it is currently failing some individuals on an emotional level, as not all doctors are adhering to guidelines. Conscientious objection in Britain needs to be addressed, to ensure service users receive fair, impartial, non-judgmental care.
背景
1967 年《堕胎法案》第四部分规定，如果个人（包括医疗保健从业者）出于良心反对，他们不必参与堕胎。出于良心的反对是指基于宗教、道德、哲学、伦理或个人信仰而拒绝参与堕胎。目前，英国几乎没有对基于良心反对而对服务对象产生的影响进行调查。了解基于良心反对的实际后果和潜在影响，必须考虑服务对象的观点，在制定和审查政策及准则时应将这些观点纳入考虑范围。这项研究为女性和那些可能怀孕的人提供了一个平台，让他们在西方政治哲学和立法传统中，这些声音在很大程度上被排除在外的情况下，分享他们的经历和意见。
方法
采用叙事访谈方法对 5 名服务对象进行访谈，以揭示他们的堕胎经历和对良心反对的体验。
发现
研究结果以发现诗的形式呈现，揭示了医生并不总是：告知服务对象他们对堕胎有良心上的反对；向服务对象提供足够的信息以获取堕胎（间接转介）；以无偏见的态度对待他们；并提供医学上正确的信息。服务对象没有经历长时间的等待等负担，仍然能够获得合法的堕胎。然而，服务对象确实经历了负面的情绪影响，因为当他们没有被转介和/或受到虐待时，他们常常感到害怕、愤怒和绝望。
结论
研究结果表明，在实践中，基于良心的反对可能会起作用。然而，目前它在情感层面上对一些人不起作用，因为并非所有医生都遵守准则。英国的基于良心的反对需要得到解决，以确保服务对象得到公平、公正、无偏见的护理。
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