Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China.
Mil Med Res. 2023 Aug 22;10(1):40. doi: 10.1186/s40779-023-00475-7.
Significant advancements have been made in recent years in the development of highly sophisticated skin organoids. Serving as three-dimensional models that mimic human skin, these organoids have evolved into complex structures and are increasingly recognized as effective alternatives to traditional culture models and human skin due to their ability to overcome the limitations of two-dimensional systems and ethical concerns. The inherent plasticity of skin organoids allows for their construction into physiological and pathological models, enabling the study of skin development and dynamic changes. This review provides an overview of the pivotal work in the progression from 3D layered epidermis to cyst-like skin organoids with appendages. Furthermore, it highlights the latest advancements in organoid construction facilitated by state-of-the-art engineering techniques, such as 3D printing and microfluidic devices. The review also summarizes and discusses the diverse applications of skin organoids in developmental biology, disease modelling, regenerative medicine, and personalized medicine, while considering their prospects and limitations.
近年来，高度复杂的皮肤类器官的开发取得了重大进展。这些类器官作为模拟人体皮肤的三维模型，已经发展成为复杂的结构，并且由于它们能够克服二维系统的局限性和伦理问题，越来越被认为是传统培养模型和人体皮肤的有效替代品。皮肤类器官的固有可塑性允许将其构建成生理和病理模型，从而能够研究皮肤的发育和动态变化。本文综述了从 3D 分层表皮到带有附属物的囊状皮肤类器官的发展过程中的关键工作。此外，它还强调了最新的通过先进工程技术（如 3D 打印和微流控设备）实现的类器官构建的最新进展。本文还总结和讨论了皮肤类器官在发育生物学、疾病建模、再生医学和个性化医学中的多种应用，并考虑了它们的前景和局限性。
