Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA.
Poult Sci. 2023 Oct;102(10):102959. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102959. Epub 2023 Jul 26.
To evaluate the efficacy of synbiotic during a necrotic enteritis (NE) infection, a total of 360 day-old chicks were randomly assigned into 4 experimental groups in a 2 × 2 factorial setup: control, challenge, synbiotic (1 g/kg), and challenge + synbiotic, with 6 replicates. NE was induced by gavaging 1 × 10Eimeria maxima oocysts and 1 × 10 CFU/mL of Clostridium perfringens on d 14 (D14) and D19, 20, and 21, respectively. At D35, the NE challenge decreased the BW gain (P < 0.001) and increased feed conversion ratio (P = 0.03), whereas synbiotic supplementation decreased the feed intake (P = 0.04). At D21, NE challenge increased gut permeability (P < 0.001), decreased regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the cecal tonsil (CT) (P = 0.02), increased Tregs in the spleen (P = 0.02), decreased nitric oxide (NO) production in the spleen (P = 0.04) and decreased IL-10 expression in CT (P = 0.02), whereas synbiotic supplementation increased CD4+:CD8+ T cells in the spleen (P < 0.001) and decreased interferon (IFN)-γ expression in the jejunum (P = 0.07), however, synbiotic supplementation during NE challenge decreased mid-gut lesion score (P < 0.001), increased CD4+:CD8+ T cells in CT and decreased IgA production in bile (P < 0.001), compared to the control group. At D28, synbiotic supplementation decreased CD4+:CD8+ T cells in CT (P < 0.001), whereas synbiotic supplementation during NE challenge decreased Tregs in CT (P < 0.001) and increased NO production in the spleen (P = 0.04), compared to the control group. At D35, the NE challenge decreased CD4+:CD8+ T cells in the spleen (P = 0.03), decreased IgA production in bile (P = 0.02), decreased IL-10 expression in CT (P = 0.04), and decreased IL-10 (P = 0.009), IFN-γ (P = 0.03) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (P = 0.02) expression in the jejunum, whereas synbiotic supplementation increased Tregs in the spleen (P = 0.04), compared to control group. Synbiotic supplementation during the NE challenge decreased both IL-1β (P = 0.02) and IFN-γ (P = 0.001) expression in CT, compared to the control group. It can be concluded that synbiotic supplementation increases production performance by decreasing mid-gut lesions and enhancing protective immunity against NE, and efficiency of synbiotic could be improved by blending additional probiotics and prebiotics.
为了评估共生元在坏死性肠炎（NE）感染中的功效，将 360 只 1 日龄雏鸡随机分为 4 个实验组，采用 2×2 因子设计：对照组、攻毒组、共生元（1 g/kg）组和攻毒+共生元组，每组 6 个重复。在第 14 天（D14）和第 19 天，分别通过灌胃 1×10Eimeria maxima 卵囊和 1×10 CFU/mL 产气荚膜梭菌诱导 NE。在 D35，NE 攻毒降低了 BW 增益（P < 0.001）并增加了饲料转化率（P = 0.03），而共生元补充降低了采食量（P = 0.04）。在 D21，NE 攻毒增加了肠道通透性（P < 0.001），降低了盲肠扁桃体（CT）中的调节性 T 细胞（Tregs）（P = 0.02），增加了脾脏中的 Tregs（P = 0.02），降低了脾脏中的一氧化氮（NO）产生（P = 0.04）和 CT 中 IL-10 的表达（P = 0.02），而共生元补充增加了脾脏中的 CD4+：CD8+ T 细胞（P < 0.001）并降低了空肠中的干扰素（IFN）-γ表达（P = 0.07），然而，与对照组相比，在 NE 攻毒期间，共生元补充降低了中肠病变评分（P < 0.001），增加了 CT 中的 CD4+：CD8+ T 细胞，并降低了胆汁中的 IgA 产生（P < 0.001）。在 D28，共生元补充降低了 CT 中的 CD4+：CD8+ T 细胞（P < 0.001），而在 NE 攻毒期间，共生元补充降低了 CT 中的 Tregs（P < 0.001）并增加了脾脏中的 NO 产生（P = 0.04），与对照组相比。在 D35，NE 攻毒降低了脾脏中的 CD4+：CD8+ T 细胞（P = 0.03），降低了胆汁中的 IgA 产生（P = 0.02），降低了 CT 中的 IL-10 表达（P = 0.04）和 IL-10（P = 0.009）、IFN-γ（P = 0.03）和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（P = 0.02）在空肠中的表达，而与对照组相比，共生元补充增加了脾脏中的 Tregs（P = 0.04）。在 NE 攻毒期间，与对照组相比，共生元补充降低了 CT 中的 IL-1β（P = 0.02）和 IFN-γ（P = 0.001）的表达。可以得出结论，共生元补充通过降低中肠病变和增强对 NE 的保护性免疫来提高生产性能，并且通过混合额外的益生菌和益生元可以提高共生元的效率。
