Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States.
Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2023 Oct;153:105368. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105368. Epub 2023 Aug 22.
Our brains constantly generate predictions about the environment based on prior knowledge. Many of the events we experience are consistent with these predictions, while others might be inconsistent with prior knowledge and thus violate our predictions. To guide future behavior, the memory system must be able to strengthen, transform, or add to existing knowledge based on the accuracy of our predictions. We synthesize recent evidence suggesting that when an event is consistent with our predictions, it leads to neural integration between related memories, which is associated with enhanced associative memory, as well as memory biases. Prediction errors, in turn, can promote both neural integration and separation, and lead to multiple mnemonic outcomes. We review these findings and how they interact with factors such as memory reactivation, prediction error strength, and task goals, to offer insight into what determines memory for events that violate our predictions. In doing so, this review brings together recent neural and behavioral research to advance our understanding of how predictions shape memory, and why.
我们的大脑会根据先前的知识不断对环境做出预测。我们所经历的许多事件都与这些预测一致，而其他事件可能与先前的知识不一致，从而违反了我们的预测。为了指导未来的行为，记忆系统必须能够根据我们预测的准确性来加强、改变或添加现有知识。我们综合了最近的证据，表明当事件与我们的预测一致时，它会导致相关记忆之间的神经整合，从而增强联想记忆以及记忆偏差。反过来，预测误差可以促进神经的整合和分离，并导致多种记忆结果。我们回顾了这些发现，以及它们如何与记忆再激活、预测误差强度和任务目标等因素相互作用，以深入了解是什么决定了对违反我们预测的事件的记忆。通过这样做，本综述将最近的神经和行为研究结合起来，以增进我们对预测如何塑造记忆以及为什么会这样的理解。
