Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hangzhou Normal University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, China.
Department of Radiotherapy, The 2(nd) Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Adv Nutr. 2023 Nov;14(6):1416-1435. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.008. Epub 2023 Aug 22.
The importance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in human physiology is well recognized. As the NAD concentration in human skin, blood, liver, muscle, and brain are thought to decrease with age, finding ways to increase NAD status could possibly influence the aging process and associated metabolic sequelae. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a precursor for NAD biosynthesis, and in vitro/in vivo studies have demonstrated that NMN supplementation increases NAD concentration and could mitigate aging-related disorders such as oxidative stress, DNA damage, neurodegeneration, and inflammatory responses. The promotion of NMN as an antiaging health supplement has gained popularity due to such findings; however, since most studies evaluating the effects of NMN have been conducted in cell or animal models, a concern remains regarding the safety and physiological effects of NMN supplementation in the human population. Nonetheless, a dozen human clinical trials with NMN supplementation are currently underway. This review summarizes the current progress of these trials and NMN/NAD biology to clarify the potential effects of NMN supplementation and to shed light on future study directions.
烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD）在人体生理学中的重要性是众所周知的。由于人们认为 NAD 在人体皮肤、血液、肝脏、肌肉和大脑中的浓度会随着年龄的增长而降低，因此寻找增加 NAD 状态的方法可能会影响衰老过程和相关的代谢后果。烟酰胺单核苷酸（NMN）是 NAD 生物合成的前体，体外/体内研究表明，NMN 补充剂可以增加 NAD 浓度，并可能减轻与衰老相关的疾病，如氧化应激、DNA 损伤、神经退行性变和炎症反应。由于这些发现，NMN 作为抗衰老保健品的推广受到了欢迎；然而，由于大多数评估 NMN 效果的研究都是在细胞或动物模型中进行的，因此人们仍然担心 NMN 补充剂在人类中的安全性和生理效应。尽管如此，目前正在进行十几项 NMN 补充剂的人体临床试验。本综述总结了这些试验和 NMN/NAD 生物学的最新进展，以阐明 NMN 补充剂的潜在影响，并为未来的研究方向提供启示。
