Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA.
University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Oct;49(10):9737-9748. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-07459-1. Epub 2022 Apr 20.
Biosynthesis and regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has recently gained a lot of attention. A systemic decline in NAD across many tissues is associated with all the hallmarks of aging. NAD can affect a variety of cellular processes, including metabolic pathways, DNA repair, and immune cell activity, both directly and indirectly. These cellular processes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis, but as people get older, their tissue and cellular NAD levels decrease, and this drop in NAD levels has been connected to a number of age-related disorders. By restoring NAD levels, several of these age-related disorders can be delayed or even reversed. Some of the new studies conducted in mice and humans have targeted the NAD metabolism with NAD intermediates. Of these, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has been shown to offer great therapeutic potential with promising results in age-related chronic conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular issues, cognitive impairment, and many others. Further, human interventions are required to study the long-term effects of supplementing NMN with varying doses. The paper focuses on reviewing the importance of NAD on human aging and survival, biosynthesis of NAD from its precursors, key clinical trial findings, and the role of NMN on various health conditions.
烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD）的生物合成和调节最近受到了广泛关注。许多组织中 NAD 的系统性下降与衰老的所有特征都有关。NAD 可以直接或间接地影响多种细胞过程，包括代谢途径、DNA 修复和免疫细胞活性。这些细胞过程对于维持体内平衡至关重要，但随着人们年龄的增长，他们的组织和细胞 NAD 水平下降，而 NAD 水平的下降与许多与年龄相关的疾病有关。通过恢复 NAD 水平，可以延缓甚至逆转其中一些与年龄相关的疾病。一些在老鼠和人类中进行的新研究已经针对 NAD 代谢物与 NAD 中间产物。在这些中间产物中，烟酰胺单核苷酸（NMN）已被证明具有很大的治疗潜力，在糖尿病、心血管问题、认知障碍等与年龄相关的慢性疾病方面取得了有希望的结果。此外，需要进行人体干预研究，以研究补充不同剂量 NMN 的长期效果。本文重点回顾了 NAD 对人类衰老和生存的重要性、NAD 从其前体生物合成、关键临床试验结果以及 NMN 在各种健康状况中的作用。
