Department of Management and Organization, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
The Faculty of Psychology, Open University, 6419 AT Heerlen, The Netherlands.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Aug 11;20(16):6564. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20166564.
Negative work behavior (NWB) threatens employee well-being. There are numerous constructs that reflect NWBs, such as bullying, aggression, and discrimination, and they are often examined in isolation from each other, limiting scientific integration of these studies. We aim to contribute to this research field by developing a diagnostic tool with content validity on the full spectrum of NWBs. First, we provide a full description of how we tapped and organized content from 44 existing NWB measurement instruments and 48 studies. Second, we discussed our results with three experts in this research field to check for missing studies and to discuss our integration results. This two-stage process yielded a questionnaire measuring physical, material, psychological, sociocultural, and digital NWB. Furthermore, the questions include a range of potential actors of NWB, namely, internal (employees, managers) and external actors (clients, customers, public, and family members) at work and their roles (i.e., target, perpetrator, perpetrator's assistant, target's defender, outsider, and witness of NWBs). Finally, the questionnaire measures what type of harm is experienced (i.e., bodily, material, mental, and social harm).
消极工作行为（NWB）威胁员工的福祉。有许多反映 NWB 的结构，如欺凌、攻击和歧视，它们通常彼此孤立地进行研究，限制了这些研究的科学综合。我们旨在通过开发一种具有全面 NWB 内容有效性的诊断工具来为该研究领域做出贡献。首先，我们详细描述了如何从 44 种现有的 NWB 测量工具和 48 项研究中获取和组织内容。其次，我们与该研究领域的三位专家讨论了我们的结果，以检查是否有遗漏的研究，并讨论我们的综合结果。这两阶段过程产生了一个测量物理、物质、心理、社会文化和数字 NWB 的问卷。此外，这些问题包括 NWB 的一系列潜在行为者，即在工作场所的内部（员工、经理）和外部行为者（客户、顾客、公众和家庭成员）及其角色（即目标、肇事者、肇事者的助手、目标的捍卫者、局外人、以及 NWB 的目击者）。最后，问卷测量了所经历的何种类型的伤害（即身体、物质、心理和社会伤害）。
