Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos Naturais (LTPN), Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua, Mario Viana, 523, Santa Rosa, Niterói 24241-000, RJ, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal e Bioprocessos (PBV), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-599, RJ, Brazil.
Molecules. 2023 Aug 8;28(16):5944. doi: 10.3390/molecules28165944.
Schistosomiasis is a tropical disease transmitted in an aqueous environment by cercariae from the genus. This disease affects 200 million people living in risk areas around the world. The control of schistosomiasis is realized by chemotherapy, wastewater sanitation, health education, and mollusk control using molluscicidal agents. This work evaluates the effects of a nanoemulsion containing essential oil from leaves as a molluscicidal and cercaricidal agent against mollusks and cercariae. The essential oil from leaves showed nerolidol, β-selinene, 1,8 cineol, and zonarene as major constituents. The formulation study suggested the F3 formulation as the most promising nanoemulsion with polysorbate 20 and sorbitan monooleate 80 (4:1) with 5% (/) essential oil as it showed a smaller droplet size of approximately 100 nm with a PDI lower than 0.3 and prominent bluish reflection. Furthermore, this nanoemulsion showed stability after 200 days under refrigeration. The nanoemulsion showed LC values of 48.11 µg/mL, 29.66 µg/mL, and 47.02 µg/mL in embryos, juveniles, and adult mollusks, respectively, after 48 h and 83.88 µg/mL for cercariae after 2 h. In addition, a survival of 80% was observed in and the in silico toxicity assay showed lower overall human toxicity potential to the major compounds in the essential oil compared to the reference molluscicide niclosamide. These results suggest that the nanoemulsion of leaves may be a promising alternative for schistosomiasis control.
血吸虫病是一种在水生环境中由 属的尾蚴传播的热带疾病。这种疾病影响着全球 2 亿生活在危险地区的人。血吸虫病的控制是通过化疗、废水卫生、健康教育和使用杀螺剂控制软体动物来实现的。这项工作评估了一种含有 叶精油的纳米乳液作为杀螺和尾蚴剂对软体动物和尾蚴的作用。叶精油显示出含有橙花叔醇、β-榄香烯、1,8-桉叶素和 Zonarene 作为主要成分。制剂研究表明，F3 制剂是最有前途的纳米乳液，含有聚山梨醇酯 20 和山梨坦单油酸酯 80（4:1），含有 5%（/）精油，因为它显示出约 100nm 的更小液滴尺寸，PDI 低于 0.3，并呈现出明显的蓝色反射。此外，这种纳米乳液在冷藏 200 天后仍保持稳定。纳米乳液在 48 小时后对 胚胎、幼虫和成年软体动物的 LC 值分别为 48.11µg/mL、29.66µg/mL 和 47.02µg/mL，2 小时后对尾蚴的 LC 值为 83.88µg/mL。此外，在 中观察到 80%的存活率，并且毒理学计算显示，与参考杀螺剂硝氯酚相比，精油中的主要化合物对人类的总体毒性潜力较低。这些结果表明， 叶的纳米乳液可能是控制血吸虫病的一种有前途的替代方法。
