Department of Development and Environmental Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics, Iwate Prefectural Iwai Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan.
Pediatr Res. 2024 Jan;95(1):367-376. doi: 10.1038/s41390-023-02796-8. Epub 2023 Aug 26.
The primary objective of this study was to examine risk factors for toddler's hypertension.
Subjects of this study were children and parents participating in a national birth cohort study in Japan, the Japan Environment and Children's Study. We measured the children's blood pressure (BP) at 2 and 4 years old. We obtained children's and parents' backgrounds from the questionnaire. We investigated the factors that affect BP elevation.
Within 4988 participants, the mean systolic BP at 2 years old was 91.2 mmHg for boys and 90.0 mmHg for girls. The mean systolic BP at 4 years old was 93.8 mmHg for boys and 93.1 mmHg for girls. Parental smoking was associated with elevated values of BP at 2 and 4 years old. Obesity, gestational hypertension, and parental lower education were associated with elevated values of BP at 4 years old. Hypertensive group had a significantly higher obesity rate. The mother's lower education and parental smoking were involved in hypertensive groups.
Parental smoking had a significant effect on BP even in early toddlers. We emphasize the importance of avoiding second-hand smoking from early infancy to prevent future lifestyle-related illnesses including hypertension.
The mean systolic BP at 2 years old was 91.2 mmHg for boys and 90.0 mmHg for girls. The mean systolic BP at 4 years old was 93.8 mmHg for boys and 93.1 mmHg for girls. Obesity, parental smoking, and lower education were associated with hypertension at 4 years old. Parental smoking was associated with hypertension at 2 and 4 years old. We emphasize the importance of avoiding second-hand smoking from early infancy.
本研究的主要目的是探讨幼儿高血压的危险因素。
本研究的对象为参加日本全国出生队列研究——日本环境与儿童研究的儿童及其父母。我们在儿童 2 岁和 4 岁时测量其血压（BP）。我们从问卷调查中获取儿童及其父母的背景信息。我们调查了影响 BP 升高的因素。
在 4988 名参与者中，男孩 2 岁时的平均收缩压为 91.2mmHg，女孩为 90.0mmHg；男孩 4 岁时的平均收缩压为 93.8mmHg，女孩为 93.1mmHg。父母吸烟与儿童 2 岁和 4 岁时的 BP 升高值有关。肥胖、妊娠期高血压和父母受教育程度较低与儿童 4 岁时的 BP 升高值有关。高血压组肥胖率显著较高。母亲受教育程度较低和父母吸烟与高血压组有关。
即使在幼儿期，父母吸烟对 BP 也有显著影响。我们强调从婴儿早期开始避免二手烟的重要性，以预防包括高血压在内的未来与生活方式相关的疾病。
男孩 2 岁时的平均收缩压为 91.2mmHg，女孩为 90.0mmHg；男孩 4 岁时的平均收缩压为 93.8mmHg，女孩为 93.1mmHg。肥胖、父母吸烟和受教育程度较低与 4 岁时的高血压有关。父母吸烟与儿童 2 岁和 4 岁时的高血压有关。我们强调从婴儿早期开始避免二手烟的重要性。
