Jelski Wojciech, Mroczko Barbara
Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland.
Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland.
Cancer Manag Res. 2023 Aug 22;15:863-871. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S421928. eCollection 2023.
Early detection of gastrointestinal cancers is beneficial for patient survival and prognosis. MiRNAs have been shown to be potential cancer biomarkers that can be used to diagnose cancers. MiRNAs are single-stranded, small non-coding RNAs that are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of the expression of different oncogenes. Cancer tissues contain miRNAs that play a special role in the etiology of cancer development or limiting cancer suppression. Dysregulation of miRNAs occurs in a variety of malignancies, including gastrointestinal cancers. MiRNAs are stable and protected against degradation by RNase, which enables their detection in tissues and biological fluids. The results of many studies suggest that miRNAs have a relatively higher diagnostic efficiency in distinguishing cancer patients from healthy people. The researchers have identified many miRNA signature in the blood for the detection of gastrointestinal cancers. This review focuses on the role and potential utility of miRNAs in the early detection, prognosis and evaluation of the treatment effectiveness of gastrointestinal cancers.
胃肠道癌症的早期检测有利于患者的生存和预后。微小RNA（miRNAs）已被证明是可用于诊断癌症的潜在生物标志物。微小RNA是单链的小非编码RNA，参与不同癌基因表达的转录后调控。癌组织中含有的微小RNA在癌症发生发展的病因学或限制癌症抑制方面发挥着特殊作用。微小RNA的失调发生在包括胃肠道癌症在内的多种恶性肿瘤中。微小RNA稳定且能抵抗核糖核酸酶的降解，这使得它们能够在组织和生物体液中被检测到。许多研究结果表明，微小RNA在区分癌症患者和健康人方面具有相对较高的诊断效率。研究人员已经在血液中鉴定出许多用于检测胃肠道癌症的微小RNA特征。本综述重点关注微小RNA在胃肠道癌症的早期检测、预后及治疗效果评估中的作用和潜在应用。
