Graduate School of Alternative Medicine, Kyonggi University (Seoul Campus), 24, Kyonggidae- ro 9-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03746, Republic of Korea.
BMC Womens Health. 2023 Aug 28;23(1):456. doi: 10.1186/s12905-023-02600-z.
Sleep deprivation is known to be a risk factor for premenstrual syndrome and primary dysmenorrhea in adults. However, it has rarely been investigated in adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sleep pattern, duration, and quality independently affect premenstrual syndrome and primary dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls. An additional purpose was to investigate the sleep status in Korean adolescent girls during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in 519 high school girls aged 15 to 18 years in Gyeonggido, South Korea, in 2021 during the COVID-19 lockdown. Menstrual pain intensity and menstrual symptoms were assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Cox menstrual symptom scale (CMSS), respectively. Premenstrual syndrome was assessed by the premenstrual symptoms screening tool (PSST). Sleep was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The known risk factors of dysmenorrhea, including menstrual and lifestyle characteristics and stress, were assessed as covariates.
During the pandemic, approximately 68% of girls slept 7 h or less, while about 60% reported poor sleep quality. Additionally, 64% of participants had a bedtime later after 1AM, and 34% woke up later after 8AM. Late bedtime significantly affected VAS (P = 0.05), CMSS severity and frequency (both P < 0.01), and PSST symptom (P < 0.01). Waking up late affected CMSS severity (P < 0.05), PSST symptom (P = 0.05), and PSST function (P < 0.05). However, the significance of these effects disappeared after controlling for covariates. Sleeping less than 5 h affected CMSS frequency (P < 0.05) and PSST symptoms (P < 0.001). After controlling for covariates, the significance of the effect on PSST symptom remained (P < 0.05). General sleep quality and PSQI components, including subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep disturbance, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction, significantly affected CMSS frequency and severity and PSST symptom after controlling for covariates (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, or P < 0.001). The multiple regression analysis revealed that among sleep characteristics, sleep quality was the most important risk factor of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea.
Our study result heightens the importance of healthy sleep hygiene, especially sleep quality in the management of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls.
睡眠不足被认为是成年人经前期综合征和原发性痛经的一个风险因素。然而，在青少年中很少有研究对此进行调查。本研究的目的是调查睡眠模式、时长和质量是否会独立影响少女的经前期综合征和原发性痛经。另一个目的是调查在 COVID-19 大流行期间韩国少女的睡眠状况。
2021 年在韩国京畿道，对 519 名年龄在 15 至 18 岁的高中女生进行了横断面调查研究，当时正值 COVID-19 封锁期间。使用视觉模拟量表（VAS）和考克斯月经症状量表（CMSS）分别评估月经疼痛强度和月经症状。使用经前期症状筛查工具（PSST）评估经前期综合征。使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评估睡眠。将痛经的已知风险因素，包括月经和生活方式特征以及压力，作为协变量进行评估。
在大流行期间，约有 68%的女孩睡眠时间少于 7 小时，而约有 60%的女孩报告睡眠质量较差。此外，64%的参与者在凌晨 1 点以后就寝，34%的人在早上 8 点以后起床。晚睡显著影响 VAS（P=0.05）、CMSS 严重程度和频率（均 P<0.01）以及 PSST 症状（P<0.01）。晚起显著影响 CMSS 严重程度（P<0.05）、PSST 症状（P=0.05）和 PSST 功能（P<0.05）。然而，在控制了协变量后，这些影响的显著性消失了。睡眠时间少于 5 小时显著影响 CMSS 频率（P<0.05）和 PSST 症状（P<0.001）。在控制了协变量后，对 PSST 症状的影响仍然显著（P<0.05）。一般睡眠质量和 PSQI 成分，包括主观睡眠质量、入睡潜伏期、睡眠障碍、使用助眠药物和日间功能障碍，在控制了协变量后显著影响 CMSS 频率和严重程度以及 PSST 症状（P<0.05、P<0.01 或 P<0.001）。多元回归分析显示，在睡眠特征中，睡眠质量是经前期综合征和痛经的最重要的风险因素。
我们的研究结果强调了健康睡眠卫生的重要性，特别是在管理少女经前期综合征和痛经方面的睡眠质量。
