表达情绪的第三方惩罚者更值得信任。
Third-party punishers who express emotions are trusted more.
机构信息
Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
出版信息
Proc Biol Sci. 2023 Aug 30;290(2005):20230916. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0916.
Third party punishment (TPP) is thought to be crucial to the evolution and maintenance of human cooperation. However, this type of punishment is often not rewarded, perhaps because punishers' underlying motives are unclear. We propose that the expression of moral emotions could solve this problem by advertising such motives. In each of three experiments ( = 1711), a third-party punishment game was followed by a trust game. Third parties expressed anger or disgust instead of, or in addition to, financial punishment. Results showed that third parties who expressed these emotions were trusted more than those who didn't express (Experiment 1), and more than those who financially punished (Experiment 2). Moreover, third parties who expressed while financially punishing were trusted more than those who punished without expressing (Experiment 3). Findings suggest that emotion expression might play a role in the evolution and maintenance of cooperation by facilitating TPP.
第三方惩罚（TPP）被认为对人类合作的发展和维持至关重要。然而，这种类型的惩罚往往得不到回报，也许是因为惩罚者的潜在动机不明确。我们提出，道德情感的表达可以通过宣传这些动机来解决这个问题。在三个实验中的每一个实验（n=1711）中，都进行了第三方惩罚游戏，然后是信任游戏。第三方表达愤怒或厌恶，而不是，或者除了，财务惩罚。结果表明，表达这些情绪的第三方比不表达的第三方（实验 1）更受信任，比那些只进行财务惩罚的第三方（实验 2）更受信任。此外，在进行财务惩罚的同时表达情绪的第三方比不表达情绪的第三方更受信任（实验 3）。研究结果表明，情感表达可能通过促进 TPP 在合作的进化和维持中发挥作用。
Zotero 插件