Med-X Research Institute, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Funchal, Portugal.
Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2699:125-159. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3362-5_8.
Proteins are essential for various functions such as brain activity and muscle contraction in humans. Even though food is a source of proteins, the bioavailability of proteins in most foods is usually limited due to matrix interaction with other biomolecules. Thus, it is essential to extract these proteins and provide them as a nutraceutical supplement to maintain protein levels and avoid protein deficiency. Hence, protein purification and extraction from natural sources are highly significant in biomedical applications. Chromatography, crude mechanical disruption, use of extractive chemicals, and electrophoresis are some of the methods applied to isolate specific proteins. Even though these methods possess several advantages, they are unable to extract specific proteins with high purity. A suitable alternative is the use of nanoparticles, which can be beneficial in protein purification and extraction. Notably, magnetic iron and iron-based nanoparticles have been employed in protein extraction processes and can be reused via demagnetization due to their magnetic property, smaller size, morphology, high surface-to-volume ratio, and surface charge-mediated property. This chapter is a summary of various magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) that can be used for the biomolecular separation of proteins.
蛋白质对于人类的各种功能至关重要，如大脑活动和肌肉收缩。尽管食物是蛋白质的来源，但由于与其他生物分子的基质相互作用，大多数食物中的蛋白质的生物利用度通常是有限的。因此，提取这些蛋白质并将其作为营养补充剂提供以维持蛋白质水平和避免蛋白质缺乏是至关重要的。因此，从天然来源中纯化和提取蛋白质在生物医学应用中非常重要。色谱法、粗机械破坏、使用提取化学物质和电泳是用于分离特定蛋白质的一些方法。尽管这些方法具有许多优点，但它们无法以高纯度提取特定的蛋白质。一个合适的替代方法是使用纳米粒子，它在蛋白质的纯化和提取中可能是有益的。值得注意的是，磁性铁和铁基纳米粒子已被用于蛋白质提取过程中，由于其磁性、较小的尺寸、形态、高的表面积与体积比以及表面电荷介导的性质，可以通过退磁而被重复使用。本章总结了可用于生物分子分离蛋白质的各种磁性纳米粒子（MNPs）。
