Prevention Cancer Environnement Departement, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2023 Sep 1;49(6):405-418. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.4102. Epub 2023 Jul 5.
The etiology of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) is suspected to be related to prenatal environmental risk factors. Some solvents have potential endocrine disrupting or carcinogenic properties and may disrupt male genital development in utero. The aim of this study was to examine the association between parental occupational exposure to solvents and TGCT risk among their offspring.
A French nationwide case-control study, TESTIS included 454 TGCT cases and 670 controls frequency-matched on region and 5-year age strata. Participants were interviewed via telephone and provided information on parental occupations at birth. Job-exposure matrices (JEM) developed in the French Matgéné program were used to assign exposure to five petroleum-based solvents, five solvents or groups of oxygenated solvents, and five chlorinated solvents. Odds ratios (OR) for TGCT and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for TGCT risk factors.
Occupational exposure to at least one solvent during the year of their son's birth was 41% among fathers and 21% among mothers. Paternal exposure to at least one solvent showed OR 0.89 (95% CI 0.68-1.15). Exposure to perchloroethylene (OR 1.41, 95% CI 0.55-3.61), methylene chloride (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.54-2.34) and diesel/kerosene/fuel oil (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.80-1.73) disclosed OR >1 but with low precision. Our results suggest a possible modest increase in non-seminoma risk for sons whose fathers were highly exposed to trichloroethylene (OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.79-2.63). Maternal exposure to at least one solvent showed OR 0.90 (95% CI 0.65-1.24). When stratifying by birth year, men born in the 1970s experienced an increased TGCT risk following maternal exposure to fuels and petroleum-based solvents (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.11-6.76).
Overall, no solid association was found between parental occupational exposure to solvents and TGCT risk. The association found with maternal occupational exposure to fuels and petroleum solvents among older men needs further investigation.
睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤（TGCT）的病因疑似与产前环境危险因素有关。一些溶剂具有潜在的内分泌干扰或致癌特性，可能会在子宫内干扰男性生殖器的发育。本研究旨在探讨父母职业性接触溶剂与子女 TGCT 风险之间的关系。
这是一项法国全国性病例对照研究，TESTIS 纳入了 454 例 TGCT 病例和 670 例按地区和 5 年年龄层匹配的对照。通过电话对参与者进行访谈，并提供了他们在孩子出生时父母职业的信息。使用法国 Matgéné 计划开发的职业暴露矩阵（JEM）将接触五种石油基溶剂、五种溶剂或含氧溶剂组和五种氯化溶剂分配给父母。使用条件逻辑回归估计 TGCT 的比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI），并调整 TGCT 的风险因素。
父亲在儿子出生当年至少接触一种溶剂的比例为 41%，母亲为 21%。父亲至少接触一种溶剂的暴露显示 OR 为 0.89（95%CI 0.68-1.15）。接触过氯乙烯（OR 1.41，95%CI 0.55-3.61）、二氯甲烷（OR 1.13，95%CI 0.54-2.34）和柴油/煤油/燃料油（OR 1.17，95%CI 0.80-1.73）的暴露，OR>1，但精度较低。我们的结果表明，父亲高度接触三氯乙烯的儿子非精原细胞瘤的风险可能略有增加（OR 1.44，95%CI 0.79-2.63）。母亲至少接触一种溶剂的暴露显示 OR 0.90（95%CI 0.65-1.24）。按出生年份分层时，出生于 20 世纪 70 年代的男性，其母亲接触燃料和石油基溶剂时 TGCT 风险增加（OR 2.74，95%CI 1.11-6.76）。
总体而言，父母职业性接触溶剂与 TGCT 风险之间没有明确的关联。需要进一步研究在较年长男性中，母亲职业性接触燃料和石油溶剂与 TGCT 风险之间的关联。
