Ekhator Chukwuyem, Qureshi Muhammad Qasim, Zuberi Abdul Wasay, Hussain Muqaddas, Sangroula Niraj, Yerra Sushanth, Devi Monika, Naseem Muhammad Arsal, Bellegarde Sophia B, Pendyala Praful R
Neuro-Oncology, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, USA.
Medicine and Surgery, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, PAK.
Cureus. 2023 Aug 29;15(8):e44302. doi: 10.7759/cureus.44302. eCollection 2023 Aug.
This narrative review provides an overview of the current advances, challenges, and opportunities in nanoparticle drug delivery for central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The treatment of central nervous system disorders is challenging due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which limits the delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain. Promising approaches to address these issues and improve the efficacy of CNS disease therapies are provided by nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles, such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and solid lipid nanoparticles, can be modified to enhance targeting, stability, and drug-release patterns. They allow for the encapsulation of a variety of therapeutic compounds and can be functionalized with ligands or antibodies for active targeting, minimizing off-target effects. Additionally, nanoparticles can circumvent drug resistance processes and provide versatile platforms for applications that combine therapeutic and diagnostic functions. Although the delivery of CNS medications using nanoparticles has advanced significantly, there are still challenges to be resolved. These include understanding the BBB interactions, doing long-term safety studies, and scaling up the production. However, improvements in nanotechnology and a deeper comprehension of CNS disorders provide opportunities to enhance treatment results and address unmet medical requirements. Future research and ongoing clinical trials are required to further explore the potential of nanoparticle drug delivery for CNS disorders.
本叙述性综述概述了用于中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病的纳米颗粒药物递送的当前进展、挑战和机遇。由于血脑屏障（BBB）的存在，中枢神经系统疾病的治疗具有挑战性，血脑屏障限制了治疗药物向大脑的递送。基于纳米颗粒的药物递送系统为解决这些问题和提高中枢神经系统疾病治疗的疗效提供了有前景的方法。纳米颗粒，如脂质体、聚合物纳米颗粒、树枝状大分子和固体脂质纳米颗粒，可以进行修饰以增强靶向性、稳定性和药物释放模式。它们允许封装多种治疗化合物，并且可以用配体或抗体进行功能化以实现主动靶向，从而将脱靶效应降至最低。此外，纳米颗粒可以规避耐药过程，并为结合治疗和诊断功能的应用提供通用平台。尽管使用纳米颗粒递送中枢神经系统药物已经取得了显著进展，但仍有一些挑战有待解决。这些挑战包括了解血脑屏障相互作用、进行长期安全性研究以及扩大生产规模。然而，纳米技术的进步和对中枢神经系统疾病的更深入理解为提高治疗效果和满足未满足的医疗需求提供了机会。未来需要开展研究和进行正在进行的临床试验，以进一步探索纳米颗粒药物递送用于中枢神经系统疾病的潜力。
