Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024;64(33):12411-12419. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2251616. Epub 2023 Aug 31.
Gut microbiota modulates host physiology and pathophysiology through the production of microbial metabolites. Diet is a crucial factor in shaping the microbiome, and gut microbes interact with the host by producing beneficial or detrimental diet-derived microbial metabolites. Evidence from our lab and others indicates that the interaction between diet and gut microbes plays a pivotal role in modulating vascular health. Diet-derived microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and metabolites of phenolic acids improve vascular health, whereas trimethylamine oxide and certain amino acid-derived microbial metabolites impair the vasculature. These metabolites have been shown to regulate blood pressure, vascular inflammation, and atherosclerosis by acting on multiple targets. Nonetheless, there are substantial gaps in knowledge within this field. The microbial enzymes essential for the production of diet-derived metabolites, the role of the food matrix in regulating the bioavailability of metabolites, and the structure-activity relationships between metabolites and biomolecules in the vasculature are largely unknown. Potential diet-derived metabolites to improve vascular health can be identified through future studies that investigate the causal relationship between dietary components, gut microbes, diet-derived metabolites, and vascular health by using radiolabeled compounds, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics techniques.
肠道微生物群通过产生微生物代谢物来调节宿主的生理和病理生理学。饮食是塑造微生物组的关键因素，肠道微生物通过产生有益或有害的饮食衍生微生物代谢物与宿主相互作用。我们实验室和其他实验室的证据表明，饮食和肠道微生物之间的相互作用在调节血管健康方面起着关键作用。饮食衍生的微生物代谢物，如短链脂肪酸和酚酸的代谢物，可改善血管健康，而三甲胺氧化物和某些氨基酸衍生的微生物代谢物则损害血管。这些代谢物已被证明通过作用于多个靶点来调节血压、血管炎症和动脉粥样硬化。尽管如此，该领域仍存在大量知识空白。对于产生饮食衍生代谢物所必需的微生物酶、食物基质在调节代谢物生物利用度方面的作用以及代谢物与血管内生物分子之间的结构-活性关系，我们知之甚少。通过使用放射性标记化合物、代谢组学、转录组学和蛋白质组学技术，未来的研究可以确定潜在的改善血管健康的饮食衍生代谢物，这些研究将调查膳食成分、肠道微生物、饮食衍生代谢物和血管健康之间的因果关系。
