Zhao Baodan, Vasilopoulou Maria, Fakharuddin Azhar, Gao Feng, Mohd Yusoff Abd Rashid Bin, Friend Richard H, Di Dawei
State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Attica, Greece.
Nat Nanotechnol. 2023 Sep;18(9):981-992. doi: 10.1038/s41565-023-01482-4. Epub 2023 Aug 31.
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have reached external quantum efficiencies of over 20% for various colours, showing great potential for display and lighting applications. Despite the internal quantum efficiencies of the best-performing devices already approaching unity, around 80% of the internally generated photons are trapped in the devices and lose energy through a variety of lossy channels. Significant opportunities for improving efficiency and maximizing photon extraction lie in the effective management of light. In this Review we analyse light management strategies based on the intrinsic optical properties of the perovskite materials and the extrinsic properties related to device structures. These approaches should allow the external quantum efficiencies of perovskite LEDs to substantially exceed the conventional limits of planar organic LED devices. By revisiting lessons learned from organic LEDs and perovskite solar cells, we highlight possible directions of future research towards perovskite LEDs with ultrahigh efficiencies.
钙钛矿发光二极管（LED）对于各种颜色已实现超过20%的外量子效率，在显示和照明应用方面展现出巨大潜力。尽管性能最佳的器件的内量子效率已接近100%，但约80%的内部产生的光子被困在器件中，并通过各种有损通道损失能量。提高效率和最大化光子提取的重大机遇在于光的有效管理。在本综述中，我们基于钙钛矿材料的固有光学性质以及与器件结构相关的外在性质分析光管理策略。这些方法应能使钙钛矿LED的外量子效率大幅超过平面有机LED器件的传统极限。通过回顾从有机LED和钙钛矿太阳能电池中学到的经验教训，我们突出了未来朝着超高效率钙钛矿LED研究的可能方向。
