Azam Mohammad Golam, Hossain Mohammad Amir, Sarker Umakanta, Alam A K M Mahabubul, Nair Ramakrishnan M, Roychowdhury Rajib, Ercisli Sezai, Golokhvast Kirill S
Pulses Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna 6620, Bangladesh.
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
Plants (Basel). 2023 May 15;12(10):1984. doi: 10.3390/plants12101984.
Mungbean [ (L.) Wilczek] is an important food, feed, and cash crop in rice-based agricultural ecosystems in Southeast Asia and other continents. It has the potential to enhance livelihoods due to its palatability, nutritional content, and digestibility. We evaluated 166 diverse mungbean genotypes in two seasons using multivariate and multi-traits index approaches to identify superior genotypes. The total Shannon diversity index (SDI) for qualitative traits ranged from moderate for terminal leaflet shape (0.592) to high for seed colour (1.279). The analysis of variances (ANOVA) indicated a highly significant difference across the genotypes for most of the studied traits. Descriptive analyses showed high diversity among genotypes for all morphological traits. Six components with eigen values larger than one contributed 76.50% of the variability in the principal component analysis (PCA). The first three PCs accounted for the maximum 29.90%, 15.70%, and 11.20% of the total variances, respectively. Yield per plant, pod weight, hundred seed weight, pod length, days to maturity, pods per plant, harvest index, biological yield per plant, and pod per cluster contributed more to PC1 and PC2 and showed a positive association and positive direct effect on seed yield. The genotypes were grouped into seven clusters with the maximum in cluster II (34) and the minimum in cluster VII (10) along with a range of intra-cluster and inter-cluster distances of 5.15 (cluster II) to 3.60 (cluster VII) and 9.53 (between clusters II and VI) to 4.88 (clusters I and VII), suggesting extreme divergence and the possibility for use in hybridization and selection. Cluster III showed the highest yield and yield-related traits. Yield per plant positively and significantly correlated with pod traits and hundred seed weight. Depending on the multi-trait stability index (MTSI), clusters I, III, and VII might be utilized as parents in the hybridization program to generate high-yielding, disease-resistant, and small-seeded mungbean. Based on all multivariate-approaches, G45, G5, G22, G55, G143, G144, G87, G138, G110, G133, and G120 may be considered as the best parents for further breeding programs.
绿豆[（L.）威尔茨克]是东南亚和其他大陆以水稻为主的农业生态系统中的一种重要粮食、饲料和经济作物。由于其适口性、营养成分和可消化性，它具有改善生计的潜力。我们在两个季节里使用多变量和多性状指数方法对166种不同的绿豆基因型进行了评估，以鉴定优良基因型。定性性状的总香农多样性指数（SDI）范围从中等的顶生小叶形状（0.592）到高的种子颜色（1.279）。方差分析（ANOVA）表明，对于大多数研究性状，不同基因型之间存在极显著差异。描述性分析表明，所有形态性状的基因型之间存在高度多样性。在主成分分析（PCA）中，特征值大于1的六个成分贡献了76.50%的变异性。前三个主成分分别占总方差的最大值29.90%、15.70%和11.20%。单株产量、荚重、百粒重、荚长、成熟天数、单株荚数、收获指数、单株生物产量和每簇荚数对主成分1和主成分2的贡献更大，并且与种子产量呈正相关和正直接效应。这些基因型被分为七个聚类，聚类II中的基因型数量最多（34个），聚类VII中的基因型数量最少（1个），聚类内和聚类间的距离范围为5.15（聚类II）至3.60（聚类VII）以及9.53（聚类II和聚类VI之间）至4.88（聚类I和聚类VII），这表明存在极端差异，并且有可能用于杂交和选择。聚类III表现出最高的产量和与产量相关的性状。单株产量与荚果性状和百粒重呈显著正相关。根据多性状稳定性指数（MTSI），聚类I、III和VII可作为杂交计划中的亲本，以培育高产、抗病和小粒绿豆。基于所有多变量方法，G45、G5、G22、G55、G143、G144、G87、G138、G110、G133和G120可被视为进一步育种计划的最佳亲本。
