Gao Jialiang, Yang Ting, Song Bohan, Ma Xiaojie, Ma Yichen, Lin Xiaowei, Wang Hongwu
Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2023 Oct;166:115395. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115395. Epub 2023 Aug 31.
In recent years, the incidence rate of diabetes mellitus (DM), including type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), has increased year by year and has become a major global health problem. DM can lead to serious complications of macrovascular and microvascular. Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid for the human body. Trp is metabolized in the body through the indole pathway, kynurenine (Kyn) pathway and serotonin (5-HT) pathway, and is regulated by intestinal microorganisms to varying degrees. These three metabolic pathways have extensive regulatory effects on the immune, endocrine, neural, and energy metabolism systems of the body, and are related to the physiological and pathological processes of various diseases. The key enzymes and metabolites in the Trp metabolic pathway are also deeply involved in the pathogenesis of DM, playing an important role in pancreatic function, insulin resistance (IR), intestinal barrier, and angiogenesis. In DM and its complications, there is a disruption of Trp metabolic balance. Several therapy approaches for DM and complications have been proven to modify tryptophan metabolism. The metabolism of Trp is becoming a new area of focus for DM prevention and care. This paper reviews the impact of the three metabolic pathways of Trp on the pathogenesis of DM and the alterations in Trp metabolism in these diseases, expecting to provide entry points for the treatment of DM and its complications.
近年来，糖尿病（DM）的发病率逐年上升，已成为一个主要的全球健康问题，糖尿病包括1型糖尿病（T1DM）、2型糖尿病（T2DM）和妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）。糖尿病可导致严重的大血管和微血管并发症。色氨酸（Trp）是人体必需的氨基酸。色氨酸在体内通过吲哚途径、犬尿氨酸（Kyn）途径和血清素（5-HT）途径进行代谢，并在不同程度上受到肠道微生物的调节。这三种代谢途径对机体的免疫、内分泌、神经和能量代谢系统具有广泛的调节作用，与各种疾病的生理和病理过程相关。色氨酸代谢途径中的关键酶和代谢产物也深度参与糖尿病的发病机制，在胰腺功能、胰岛素抵抗（IR）、肠道屏障和血管生成中发挥重要作用。在糖尿病及其并发症中，色氨酸代谢平衡受到破坏。已证实几种治疗糖尿病及其并发症的方法可改变色氨酸代谢。色氨酸代谢正成为糖尿病预防和护理的一个新的关注领域。本文综述色氨酸的三种代谢途径对糖尿病发病机制的影响以及这些疾病中色氨酸代谢的改变，期望为糖尿病及其并发症的治疗提供切入点。
