Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
Cell Biochem Biophys. 2023 Dec;81(4):599-613. doi: 10.1007/s12013-023-01164-x. Epub 2023 Sep 1.
Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide and is mainly associated with impaired insulin function. To date, various oral anti-diabetic drugs have been developed, of which, the sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) are of the most recent classes that have been introduced. They differ from other classes in terms of their novel mechanism of actions and unique beneficial effects rather than just lowering glucose levels. SGLT2Is can protect body against cardiovascular events and kidney diseases even in non-diabetic individuals. SGLT2Is participate in immune cell activation, oxidative stress reduction, and inflammation mediation, thereby, moderating diabetic complications. In addition, toll like receptors (TLRs) are the intermediators of the immune system and inflammatory process, thus it's believed to play crucial roles in diabetic complications, particularly the ones that are related to inflammatory reactions. SGLT2Is are also effective against diabetic complications via their anti-inflammatory and oxidative properties. Given the anti-inflammatory properties of TLRs and SGLT2Is, this review investigates how SGLT2Is can affect the TLR pathway, and whether this could be favorable toward diabetes.
糖尿病影响着全球数百万人，主要与胰岛素功能受损有关。迄今为止，已经开发出了各种口服抗糖尿病药物，其中，钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白 2 抑制剂（SGLT2Is）是最近引入的一类药物。它们与其他类药物的作用机制不同，具有独特的有益作用，而不仅仅是降低血糖水平。即使在非糖尿病患者中，SGLT2Is 也可以预防心血管事件和肾脏疾病。SGLT2Is 通过激活免疫细胞、降低氧化应激和调节炎症来调节糖尿病并发症。此外，Toll 样受体（TLRs）是免疫系统和炎症过程的中介，因此被认为在糖尿病并发症中起着至关重要的作用，特别是与炎症反应有关的并发症。SGLT2Is 还通过其抗炎和抗氧化特性对糖尿病并发症有效。鉴于 TLRs 和 SGLT2Is 的抗炎特性，本综述探讨了 SGLT2Is 如何影响 TLR 途径，以及这是否对糖尿病有益。
