Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
Mathematical Institute, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Nutr J. 2023 Sep 4;22(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s12937-023-00871-8.
Dementia is a common disease with around 55 million cases worldwide. Therefore, dietary changes and lifestyle interventions are important approaches to delay the progress of a decline in cognitive function. The study aims to explore the association of various sources of free sugars (FS) and intrinsic sugars with dementia risk in the prospective population-based UK Biobank cohort.
Sugar consumption was assessed in 186,622 UK Biobank participants with at least one web-based dietary questionnaire (Oxford WebQ). Over a mean follow-up of 10.6 (standard deviation 1.1) years, 1498 incident dementia cases occurred. The hazard ratios (HR) for incident dementia were assessed with Cox proportional hazard regression models including sugar intake from different sources as penalized cubic splines to allow for non-linear predictor effects.
The intake of FS and intrinsic sugar was significantly associated with dementia risk in a J-shaped fashion with the HR-nadir observed at 9% and 8% total energy (%E), respectively. FS in beverages were significantly associated with dementia risk in an ascending approximately linear way, whereas no significant association was found for FS in solids. Assessing beverage subtypes, FS in soda/fruit drinks, milk-based drinks and to a lesser extent in juice were significantly and positively related to dementia risk, whereas no association was found for FS in tea/coffee. The association between sugar subtype consumption and dementia risk remained consistent in most sensitivity analyses but changed from a J-shape to a more linear shape when the analysis was restricted to participants with at least two Oxford WebQs.
A linear-shaped association between sugar subtype intake and dementia risk is most consistently found for FS in beverages and more specifically for FS in soda/fruit drinks, as well as in milk-based drinks.
痴呆症是一种常见疾病，全球约有 5500 万例。因此，饮食改变和生活方式干预是延缓认知功能下降的重要方法。本研究旨在探索各种游离糖（FS）和内源性糖源与前瞻性人群英国生物库队列中痴呆风险的关系。
在至少有一次基于网络的饮食问卷（牛津网络问卷）的 186622 名英国生物库参与者中评估了糖的摄入量。在平均 10.6 年（标准差 1.1 年）的随访中，发生了 1498 例痴呆症事件。使用包含不同来源糖摄入量的 Cox 比例风险回归模型评估痴呆症的发病风险，包括用惩罚三次样条表示的非线性预测因子效应。
FS 和内源性糖的摄入量与痴呆风险呈 J 形显著相关，总能量的 HR 最低点分别为 9%和 8%。饮料中的 FS 与痴呆风险呈近似线性上升趋势相关，而固体中的 FS 则无显著相关性。评估饮料亚类时，苏打/水果饮料、乳基饮料中的 FS 以及果汁中的 FS 与痴呆风险呈显著正相关，而茶/咖啡中的 FS 则无相关性。在大多数敏感性分析中，糖亚类消耗与痴呆风险之间的关联仍然一致，但当分析仅限于至少有两个牛津网络问卷的参与者时，这种关联从 J 形变为更线性的形状。
对于饮料中的 FS，特别是苏打/水果饮料和乳基饮料中的 FS，以及对于茶/咖啡中的 FS，发现了糖亚类摄入量与痴呆风险之间呈线性关联，这种关联最为一致。
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