Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat Expérimentations et Approches Numériques, LOCEAN/IPSL, UPMC-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
Glob Chang Biol. 2023 Nov;29(21):5999-6001. doi: 10.1111/gcb.16924. Epub 2023 Sep 4.
Geoscientists and ecologists alike must confront the impact of climate change on ecosystems and the services they provide. In the marine realm, major changes are projected in net primary and export production, with significant repercussions on food security, carbon storage, and climate system feedbacks. However, these projections do not include the potential for rapid linear evolution to facilitate adaptation to environmental change. Climate genomics confronts this challenge by assessing the vulnerability of ecosystem services to climate change. Because DNA is the primary biological repository of detectable environmentally selected mutations (showing evidence of change before impacts arise in morphological or metabolic patterns), genomics provides a window into selection in response to climate change, while also recording neutral processes deriving from stochastic mechanisms (Lowe et al., Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 2017; 32:141-152). Due to the revolution afforded by sequencing technology developments, genomics can now meet ecologists and climate scientists in a cross-disciplinary space fertile for collaborations. Collaboration between geoscientists, ecologists, and geneticists must be reinforced in order to combine modeling and genomics approaches at every scale to improve our understanding and the management of ecosystems under climate change. To this end, we present advances in climate genomics from plankton to larger vertebrates, stressing the interactions between modeling and genomics, and identifying future work needed to develop and expand the field of climate genomics.
地质学家和生态学家都必须面对气候变化对生态系统及其提供的服务的影响。在海洋领域，预计净初级和出口产量会发生重大变化，这将对粮食安全、碳储存和气候系统反馈产生重大影响。然而，这些预测并未包括快速线性进化的潜力，以促进对环境变化的适应。气候基因组学通过评估生态系统服务对气候变化的脆弱性来应对这一挑战。由于 DNA 是可检测的环境选择突变的主要生物储存库（在形态或代谢模式出现影响之前显示出变化的证据），基因组学为应对气候变化的选择提供了一个窗口，同时也记录了来自随机机制的中性过程（Lowe 等人，《生态学与进化趋势》，2017 年；32:141-152）。由于测序技术发展带来的革命，基因组学现在可以在跨学科领域与生态学家和气候科学家合作，这个领域富有合作的潜力。为了结合模型和基因组学方法来提高我们对气候变化下生态系统的理解和管理，必须加强地质学家、生态学家和遗传学家之间的合作。为此，我们介绍了从浮游生物到大型脊椎动物的气候基因组学的进展，强调了模型和基因组学之间的相互作用，并确定了开发和扩展气候基因组学领域所需的未来工作。
