Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.
Nutrition and Dietetics Department, College of Education, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2023 Dec;12(4):797-812. doi: 10.1007/s13668-023-00496-7. Epub 2023 Sep 7.
Dietary patterns that include polyphenols may help manage cardiometabolic risk factors. Pigmented rice contains phenolic acids and flavonoids that contribute to its antioxidant properties. This review examined the effect of polyphenol-containing pigmented rice on antioxidant status, lipid profile, glucose/insulin, blood pressure, and weight among adults. Four electronic databases including PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar were systematically searched for relevant articles published in English since 2000, using PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration: CRD42022358132). Two-staged screening resulted in the inclusion of seventeen (seven acute, ten chronic) randomized controlled trials. A random effects model was conducted on cardiometabolic outcomes reported in at least three studies.
Acute intake increased plasma antioxidant activity and lowered postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Chronic consumption was associated with reductions in fasting glucose (WMD: -1.60 mg/dL; 95% CI:-3.05,-0.14, p = 0.03, k = 5, n = 349), weight (WMD: -0.23 kg, 95% CI: -0.44, -0.02, p = 0.03, k = 3, n = 182), and diastolic blood pressure (WMD: -1.39 mmHg, 95% CI: -2.21, -0.56, p = 0.001, k = 3, n = 185). No effect on total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure was found. The consumption of pigmented rice may improve cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the small number of studies and differences in study design, including participants' health status, form of rice utilized, and duration of intervention, support the need for more high-quality trials to further investigate these findings.
目的综述：富含多酚的饮食模式可能有助于控制心血管代谢危险因素。有色米含有酚酸和类黄酮，有助于其发挥抗氧化特性。本综述研究了含多酚的有色米对成年人的抗氧化状态、血脂谱、血糖/胰岛素、血压和体重的影响。使用 PRISMA 指南（PROSPERO 注册：CRD42022358132），系统地检索了自 2000 年以来以英文发表的四个电子数据库（PubMed、ProQuest、EBSCOhost 和 Google Scholar）中相关的文章。两级筛选纳入了十七项（七项急性，十项慢性）随机对照试验。对至少三项研究报告的心血管代谢结果进行了随机效应模型分析。
最新发现：急性摄入可增加血浆抗氧化活性，降低餐后血糖和胰岛素水平。慢性摄入与空腹血糖降低有关（WMD：-1.60mg/dL；95%CI：-3.05，-0.14，p=0.03，k=5，n=349）、体重降低（WMD：-0.23kg，95%CI：-0.44，-0.02，p=0.03，k=3，n=182）和舒张压降低（WMD：-1.39mmHg，95%CI：-2.21，-0.56，p=0.001，k=3，n=185）。对总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、体重指数和收缩压没有影响。
结论：食用有色米可能改善心血管代谢危险因素。然而，研究数量少，研究设计存在差异，包括参与者的健康状况、所使用的米的形式以及干预的持续时间，这支持需要进行更多高质量的试验来进一步研究这些发现。
