Tang Jun, Gu Xueting, Liu Junzhong, He Zuhua
National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Stress Biol. 2021 Aug 18;1(1):6. doi: 10.1007/s44154-021-00005-2.
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are a class of short, non-coding regulatory RNAs that have emerged as critical components of defense regulatory networks across plant kingdoms. Many sRNA-based technologies, such as host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), artificial microRNA (amiRNA) and synthetic trans-acting siRNA (syn-tasiRNA)-mediated RNA interference (RNAi), have been developed as disease control strategies in both monocot and dicot plants, particularly in crops. This review aims to highlight our current understanding of the roles of sRNAs including miRNAs, heterochromatic siRNAs (hc-siRNAs), phased, secondary siRNAs (phasiRNAs) and natural antisense siRNAs (nat-siRNAs) in disease resistance, and sRNAs-mediated trade-offs between defense and growth in crops. In particular, we focus on the diverse functions of sRNAs in defense responses to bacterial and fungal pathogens, oomycete and virus in crops. Further, we highlight the application of sRNA-based technologies in protecting crops from pathogens. Further research perspectives are proposed to develop new sRNAs-based efficient strategies to breed non-genetically modified (GMO), disease-tolerant crops for sustainable agriculture.
小RNA（sRNA）是一类短的非编码调控RNA，已成为整个植物界防御调控网络的关键组成部分。许多基于sRNA的技术，如宿主诱导基因沉默（HIGS）、喷雾诱导基因沉默（SIGS）、病毒诱导基因沉默（VIGS）、人工微小RNA（amiRNA）和合成反式作用小干扰RNA（syn-tasiRNA）介导的RNA干扰（RNAi），已被开发为单子叶植物和双子叶植物，特别是作物中的病害控制策略。本综述旨在强调我们目前对sRNA（包括微小RNA（miRNA）、异染色质小干扰RNA（hc-siRNA）、阶段性二级小干扰RNA（phasiRNA）和天然反义小干扰RNA（nat-siRNA））在抗病性中的作用以及sRNA介导的作物防御与生长之间权衡的理解。特别是，我们关注sRNA在作物对细菌和真菌病原体、卵菌和病毒的防御反应中的多种功能。此外，我们强调基于sRNA的技术在保护作物免受病原体侵害方面的应用。还提出了进一步的研究展望，以开发新的基于sRNA的高效策略，培育非转基因、抗病的可持续农业作物。
