Serviço de Urologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.
Department of Urology, Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust, Oxford, UK.
Int J Impot Res. 2024 Jun;36(4):348-364. doi: 10.1038/s41443-023-00763-9. Epub 2023 Sep 11.
Testosterone boosters are heavily marketed on social media and marketplaces to men with claims to significantly increase testosterone. Lax industry regulation has allowed sales of supplements to thrive in the absence of verification of their purported benefits. Our primary objective was to systematically review all data published in the last two decades on testosterone boosters and determine their efficacy. Our outcome of interest was total testosterone increase versus placebo in four different populations: male athletes, men with late-onset hypogonadism infertile men and healthy men. Following search and screening, 52 studies were included in our review, relating to 27 proposed testosterone boosters: 10 studies of cholecalciferol; 5 zinc/magnesium; 4 Tribulus terrestris and creatine; 3 Eurycoma longifolia and Withania somnifera; 2 betaine, D-aspartic acid, Lepidium meyenii and isoflavones; while the remainder were single reports. Our findings indicate that most fail to increase total testosterone. The exceptions were β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate and betaine, which can be considered effective for male athletes. Eurycoma longifolia, a blend of Punica granatum fruit rind and Theobroma cacao seed extracts (Tesnor) and purified Shilajit extract (PrimaVie) can be considered possibly effective for men with late-onset hypogonadism; Eurycoma longifolia and Withania somnifera possibly effective for healthy men; and a non-hormonal aromatase inhibitor (Novadex XT) possibly effective for male athletes.
睾酮促进剂在社交媒体和市场上被大量推销给男性，声称可以显著提高睾酮水平。行业监管的松懈使得这些补充剂在没有证实其所谓的益处的情况下得以销售。我们的主要目标是系统地审查过去二十年中所有关于睾酮促进剂的已发表数据，并确定其疗效。我们感兴趣的结果是四种不同人群（男性运动员、迟发性性腺功能减退症男性、不孕男性和健康男性）与安慰剂相比总睾酮的增加。经过搜索和筛选，共有 52 项研究被纳入我们的综述，涉及 27 种拟议的睾酮促进剂：10 项胆钙化醇研究；5 项锌/镁；4 项蒺藜和肌酸；3 项东革阿里和睡茄；2 项甜菜碱、D-天冬氨酸、玛卡和异黄酮；其余的都是单一报告。我们的研究结果表明，大多数都不能提高总睾酮水平。例外的是β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸和甜菜碱，它们被认为对男性运动员有效。东革阿里、石榴果皮和可可种子提取物混合物（Tesnor）和纯化的喜来芝提取物（PrimaVie）可被认为对迟发性性腺功能减退症男性有效；东革阿里和睡茄可能对健康男性有效；非激素芳香酶抑制剂（Novadex XT）可能对男性运动员有效。
