Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.
Department of Psychiatry, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea.
J Korean Med Sci. 2023 Sep 11;38(36):e283. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e283.
Exposure to electronic media is increasing from early childhood. This study aimed to examine the association between screen time and behavioral outcomes in school-aged children with a prospective birth-cohort.
We examined the association between screen time and behavioral outcomes in school-aged children with a Korean birth-cohort study. Participants were 2,150 children, recruited during their fetal period, assessed annually for developmental outcomes. Media exposure was assessed at T4 (3.2 y/o), T8 (7.3 y/o), and T10 (9.4 y/o). After exclusions for missing data, 1,368 children were categorized into four groups (Low-Low, Low-High, High-Low, and High-High) based on average daily media time in early childhood and during schooldays, respectively. Children's temperament was assessed from T1 (0.5 y/o) to T4. Emotional and behavioral outcomes were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (DSM-oriented subscales) at T8 and T10.
We found that early-years temperament was generally similar between the media-time groups: they only differed significantly on Activity at T1 and Emotionality at T2 (1.2 y/o). However, compared to the Low-Low group, the Low-High group had significantly higher odds of high-risk scores for Conduct Problems (increased odds ratios [ORs] of 1.82 at T8 and 1.83 at T10) and Anxiety Problems (increased ORs of 1.60 at T8 and 1.82 at T10). Self-rated self-esteem and overall happiness at T10 also significantly differed among the four groups.
Our findings suggest the negative impacts of media exposure on the emotional and behavioral development of school-aged children, which substantiates the guidelines that restrict media exposure during childhood.
儿童从幼年时期开始接触电子媒体的比例逐渐增加。本研究旨在通过前瞻性的出生队列研究，探究儿童屏幕时间与行为结果之间的关系。
我们通过韩国出生队列研究，调查了屏幕时间与学龄儿童行为结果之间的关系。参与者为 2150 名儿童，在胎儿期入组，每年评估其发育结果。在 T4（3.2 岁）、T8（7.3 岁）和 T10（9.4 岁）评估媒体暴露情况。排除缺失数据后，根据儿童在幼儿期和上学期间的平均每日媒体时间，将 1368 名儿童分为四组（低-低、低-高、高-低和高-高）。在 T1（0.5 岁）至 T4 期间评估儿童的气质。在 T8 和 T10 使用儿童行为检查表（DSM 定向子量表）评估情绪和行为结果。
我们发现，早期的气质在各媒体时间组之间通常相似：仅在 T1 的活动和 T2 的情绪上存在显著差异（1.2 岁）。然而，与低-低组相比，低-高组在 T8 和 T10 时出现品行问题（危险评分）的风险比显著更高（分别增加 1.82 和 1.83），以及焦虑问题（分别增加 1.60 和 1.82）。T10 的自我报告自尊和整体幸福感也在四组之间存在显著差异。
我们的研究结果表明，媒体暴露对学龄儿童的情绪和行为发展有负面影响，这证实了限制儿童时期媒体暴露的指南的合理性。
