Smajic Sabina Camdzic, Becarevic Munevera, Klapic Samra, Seletovic Fahreta, Sahovic Alisa
Polyclinic for Transfusion Medicine, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Primary Care Center Banovici, Banovici, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Mater Sociomed. 2023;35(2):98-102. doi: 10.5455/msm.2023.35.98-102.
Blood transfusion is a process by which blood replacement is performed in the treatment of various diseases with disorders of the number or function of blood cells or after bleeding. Blood helps save human lives and treat various diseases. Blood and blood products for the treatment of patients are prepared from the blood of voluntary donors.
The aim of this sudy was to examine the frequency of adverse reactions in voluntary blood donors at the Polyclinic for Transfusion at the University Clinical Center Tuzla in the period 01.01.-31.12.2021. and, also, to determining the frequency, is to determine the severity of adverse reactions and the causes that led to them (gender, age, place of donation, whether they are more common during the first or repeated blood donation) as well as the consequences they leave behind.
Our research includes voluntary blood donors who, in the period from 01.01.2021 until 31.12.2021., donated blood at the Polyclinic for Transfusion at the University Clinical Center Tuzla (UCC Tuzla). All donors have been selected according to earlier set criteria, according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization and the Council of Europe (12,13), involving age (≥18 years), weight (≥55kg), hemoglobin level (≥125g/dl for women, ≥135g/dl for men), hematocrit level (≥38% for women, ≥41g/dl for men), pulse (50-100 /min) and blood pressure (120/80-160/100mmHg). Each donor voluntarily filled out a uniformed questionary that involved data about personal and family history, as well as prior blood donations.
In the Polyclinic for Transfusion UCC Tuzla, a study was conducted about adverse reactions among voluntary blood donors. During 2021 there were 14191 blood donors. From that number of donors, there were 75,4% (107000) fitting donors, while those who have been returned because they haven't satisfied donating criteria were 24,6% (3487). From the number of those who have donated blood (10700), negative reactions appeared in 1,8% (195) blood donors. Figure 1 shows adverse reactions in relation to the number of blood donations and gender. When it comes to gender, adverse reactions were recorded in 75,9% (148) male donors and 24,1% (47) female donors concering the total number of donors with adverse reactions. Our research showed that the prevalence of adverse reactions in voluntary blood donors is relatively low (1.8%). The adverse reactions are the result of vasovagal reactions, and most often occur in younger people (18 to 30 years old) in 55.9% of donors.
Considering the low percentage of adverse reactions in relation to the total number of blood donors, and that they are mostly mild in intensity, it can be concluded that donating blood is safe process, and doesn't leave lasting consequences for the blood donor's health, and every donor returns to daily activities very quickly.
输血是一种在治疗各种血细胞数量或功能紊乱的疾病或出血后进行血液替代的过程。血液有助于挽救人类生命并治疗各种疾病。用于治疗患者的血液和血液制品是从自愿献血者的血液中制备的。
本研究的目的是调查2021年1月1日至12月31日期间图兹拉大学临床中心输血门诊自愿献血者中不良反应的发生频率，并且，确定不良反应的频率、严重程度以及导致不良反应的原因（性别、年龄、献血地点、首次献血还是重复献血时更常见）以及它们所留下的后果。
我们的研究包括在2021年1月1日至2021年12月31日期间在图兹拉大学临床中心（UCC图兹拉）输血门诊献血的自愿献血者。所有献血者均根据先前设定的标准、世界卫生组织和欧洲委员会的建议（12,13）进行选择，涉及年龄（≥18岁）、体重（≥55kg）、血红蛋白水平（女性≥125g/dl，男性≥135g/dl）、血细胞比容水平（女性≥38%，男性≥41g/dl）、脉搏（50 - 100次/分钟）和血压（120/80 - 160/100mmHg）。每位献血者自愿填写一份统一的问卷，其中涉及个人和家族病史以及既往献血情况的数据。
在图兹拉大学临床中心输血门诊，对自愿献血者的不良反应进行了一项研究。2021年共有14191名献血者。在这些献血者中，符合条件的献血者占75.4%（10700），因不符合献血标准而被退回的占24.6%（3487）。在献血的人数（10700）中，1.8%（195）的献血者出现了不良反应。图1显示了不良反应与献血次数和性别的关系。就性别而言，在出现不良反应的献血者总数中，75.9%（148）为男性献血者，24.1%（47）为女性献血者。我们的研究表明，自愿献血者中不良反应的发生率相对较低（1.8%）。不良反应是血管迷走神经反应的结果，最常发生在18至30岁的年轻人中，占献血者的55.9%。
考虑到与献血者总数相比不良反应的比例较低，并且其强度大多较轻，可以得出结论，献血是一个安全的过程，不会对献血者的健康留下持久影响，并且每个献血者都能很快恢复日常活动。
