CAP2 通过介导肿瘤细胞与肿瘤相关巨噬细胞之间的相互作用促进胃癌转移。
CAP2 promotes gastric cancer metastasis by mediating the interaction between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages.
出版信息
J Clin Invest. 2023 Nov 1;133(21):e166224. doi: 10.1172/JCI166224.
The metastasis of cancer cells is the main cause of death in patients with gastric cancer (GC). Mounting evidence has demonstrated the vital importance of tumor-associated macrophages in promoting tumor invasion and metastasis; however, the interaction between tumor cells and macrophages in GC is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that cyclase-associated protein 2 (CAP2) was upregulated in GC, especially in cases with lymph node metastasis, and was correlated with a poorer prognosis. The transcription factor JUN directly bound to the promoter region of CAP2 and activated CAP2 transcription. The N-terminal domain of CAP2 bound to the WD5 to WD7 domains of receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) and induced M2 macrophage polarization by activating the SRC/focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/ERK signaling pathway, which resulted in IL-4 and IL-10 secretion. Polarized M2 macrophages induced premetastatic niche formation and promoted GC metastasis by secreting TGFB1, which created a TGFB1/JUN/CAP2 positive-feedback loop to activate CAP2 expression continuously. Furthermore, we identified salvianolic acid B as an inhibitor of CAP2, which effectively inhibited GC cell invasion capabilities by suppressing the SRC/FAK/ERK signaling pathway. Our data suggest that CAP2, a key molecule mediating the interaction between GC cells and tumor-associated macrophages, may be a promising therapeutic target for suppressing tumor metastasis in GC.
癌细胞的转移是胃癌(GC)患者死亡的主要原因。越来越多的证据表明,肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在促进肿瘤侵袭和转移方面具有重要作用;然而,GC 中肿瘤细胞与巨噬细胞之间的相互作用在很大程度上尚不清楚。在本研究中,我们证明了环化酶相关蛋白 2(CAP2)在 GC 中上调,尤其是在淋巴结转移的情况下,并且与预后较差相关。转录因子 JUN 直接与 CAP2 的启动子区域结合,并激活 CAP2 的转录。CAP2 的 N 端结构域与激活型 C 激酶 1(RACK1)的 WD5 到 WD7 结构域结合,并通过激活 SRC/黏着斑激酶(FAK)/细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)信号通路诱导 M2 巨噬细胞极化,从而导致 IL-4 和 IL-10 的分泌。极化的 M2 巨噬细胞通过分泌 TGFB1 诱导前转移龛形成并促进 GC 转移,从而形成 TGFB1/JUN/CAP2 正反馈环以持续激活 CAP2 表达。此外,我们鉴定出丹酚酸 B 是 CAP2 的抑制剂,它通过抑制 SRC/FAK/ERK 信号通路有效抑制 GC 细胞的侵袭能力。我们的数据表明,CAP2 是介导 GC 细胞与肿瘤相关巨噬细胞相互作用的关键分子,可能是抑制 GC 肿瘤转移的有前途的治疗靶点。