BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease that leads to metabolic disorders due to multiple upstream genetic and molecular changes and interactions. The development of new therapies, especially herbal medicines, has received much global attention. is a medicinal plant. Its gum is used in healing known ailments. Studying metabolome profiles based on nuclear magnetic resonance 1HNMR as a non-invasive and reproducible tool can identify metabolic changes as a reflection of intracellular fluxes, especially in drug responses. This study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of different gum extracts on metabolic changes and their impact on gene expression in HT-29 cell.

METHODS

Extraction of gum with hexane, chloroform, and dichloromethane organic solvents was performed. Cell inhibition growth percentage and IC were assessed. Following treating the cells with dichloromethane extract, , and gene expression were determined. 1HNMR spectroscopy was conducted. Eventually, systems biology software tools interpreted combined metabolites and genes simultaneously.

RESULTS

The lowest determined IC concentration was related to dichloromethane solvent, and the highest was hexane and chloroform. The expression of the oncogene gene decreased significantly after treatment with dichloromethane extract compared to the control group, and the expression of tumor suppressor gene and increased significantly. Most gene-altered convergent metabolic phenotypes.

CONCLUSION

This study's results indicate that the dichloromethane solvent of gum exhibits its antitumor properties by altering the expression of genes involved in HT-29 cells and the consequent change in downstream metabolic reprogramming.